Journal of the Korean earth science society (한국지구과학회지)

The Korean Earth Science Society (한국지구과학회)
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Influence of Spring Warming in the Arctic-East Asia Region on the Arctic Oscillation and Dust Days in Korea Attributed to Dust Storms

북극-동아시아 지역의 봄철 온난화가 북극 진동-한국의 황사 사례일의 종관 기상에 미치는 영향 분석

  • Ji-Sun Kim (Department of Earth Science Education, Korean National University of Education) ;
  • Jae-Hee Cho (Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University) ;
  • Hak-Sung Kim (Department of Earth Science Education, Korean National University of Education)
  • 김지선 (한국교원대학교 지구과학교육과) ;
  • 조재희 (공주대학교 환경교육과) ;
  • 김학성 (한국교원대학교 지구과학교육과)
  • Received : 2024.04.10
  • Accepted : 2024.04.26
  • Published : 2024.04.30
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Abstract

This study examined the influence of near-surface atmospheric warming in the Arctic-East Asia region during spring (March-May) from 1991 to 2020 on the synoptic-scale meteorology of dust storm-induced dust days in Seoul, Korea, in response to the Arctic Oscillation. Increased springtime warming in the Arctic-East Asia region correlated with a reduction of six days in the occurrence of dust storm-induced dust days in Seoul, Korea, along with a decline in the intensity of these days by -1.6 ㎍ m-3yr-1 in PM10 mass concentration. The declining number of dust storm-induced dust days in Korea during the 2010s was the result of synoptic-scale meteorological analysis, which showed increased high-pressure activity as indicated by the negative potential vorticity unit. Moreover, a distinct pattern emerged in the distribution of dust storm-induced dust days in Korea based on the Arctic Oscillation Index (AOI), showing an increase in negative AOI and a decrease in positive AOI. Although the northward shift of the polar jet weakened the southerly low-pressure system activity over Mongolia and northern China, a reinforced high-pressure system formed over the Chinese continent during dust-storm-induced dust days with a negative AOI. This resulted in both a decrease in the frequency of dust-storm-induced dust days and reduction in wind speeds, facilitating their transport from source regions to Korea. Conversely, on days with positive AOIs, an extensive warm and stagnant high-pressure system dominated mainland China, accompanied by further cooling of the northern segment of the polar jet. A notable decline in wind speed in the lower troposphere across the Mongolia-northern China-Korea region diminished the occurrence of dust storm-induced dust days and also weakened their long-range transport.

1991-2020년의 30년 동안 봄철(3-5월)에 북극-동아시아 지역의 지표면 부근 대기 온난화가 북극 진동에 따라 한국의 서울에서 발생하는 황사 사례일의 종관 기상 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 북극-동아시아 지역의 봄철 온난화 증가는 한국의 서울에서 황사 사례일을 6일을 감소시켰고, 황사 사례일의 PM10 질량 농도도 -1.6 ㎍ m-3yr-1으로 강도를 약화시키는데 기여하고 있었다. 2010년대 한국에서 감소하고 있는 황사 사례일에 대한 동아시아 지역의 종관 기상 특성은 음(-)의 잠재소용돌이도(Potential Vorticity Unit; PVU)로 나타나는 고기압성 활동이 증가하고 있었다. 또한, 한국에서는 음(-)의 북극진동지수(Arctic Oscillation Index; AOI)에서 황사 사례일이 증가하고 양(+)에서는 감소하는 정적 편포를 보였다. AOI가 음(-)인 황사 사례일에서는 중국 대륙에 온난한 고기압이 강화되고 있었다. 더불어 한대 제트의 중심 위치가 북쪽으로 이동하면서 몽골과 중국 북부에서는 한대 기단의 남하에 의한 저기압성 활동이 약해지고 있었다. 황사의 발생이 감소하였을 뿐 아니라 발원지로부터 한국으로 황사를 수송하는 풍속이 감소하고 있었다. 반면, AOI가 양(+)인 황사 사례일에서는 중국 대륙에 광역적으로 온난하고 정체적인 고기압이 위치하고 있었으며, 한대 제트의 북쪽이 더욱 냉각되어 있었다. 몽골-중국 북부-한국에 이르는 지역에서 하층 대류권의 현저한 풍속 감소가 황사 발생을 감소시킬 뿐 아니라 장거리 수송을 약화시키는 원인이 되는 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

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