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기후변화에 따른 도시하천의 야생조류 서식환경 변화 연구 - 탄천 생태·경관보전지역를 사례로 -

A Study on Changes in Habitat Enviroment of Wild Birds in Urban Rivers according to Climate Change - A Case Study of Tancheon Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area -

  • 한정현 (서울시립대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 한봉호 (서울시립대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 곽정인 ((재)환경생태연구재단)
  • 투고 : 2024.01.24
  • 심사 : 2024.03.04
  • 발행 : 2024.04.30

초록

본 연구의 목적은 생태적 기능이 크게 요구되는 보호지역의 도시하천에서 기후변화로 나타나는 야생조류 서식환경변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 앞으로 도시하천 생태계를 보호하고 생물다양성을 위한 지속가능한 도시하천의 건강성을 유지할 수 있는 관리지표로 활용되고자 하였다. 대상지로 선정한 탄천 생태·경관보전지역은 기후변화의 영향을 받고 있었다. 우리나라 사계절은 뚜렷한 온대성기후이나 서울 연평균기온은 40년간 2.4-2.8℃ 상승하였다. 겨울철기온이 점차 상승하는 경향이었다. 6-8월에 집중되었던 강수량은 현재는 국지성 집중호우와 여러 달의 균일한 강수 패턴으로 변하고 있었다. 기후변화는 불규칙적이고 비예측적으로 불확실한 특성을 보여주고 있다. 불확실성을 가진 기후변화는 도시 하천생태계에 다양한 영향으로 나타났다. 수면과 퇴적지 면적 감소는 하천 형태 변화와 육역화로 진행되었다. 식물은 교란과 식생 단순화로 나타났다. 국가 기후변화생물 지표종 출현, 외래목본식물 발달, 건조지성 자생초본식물종 변화와 습윤지성 식생이 발달되었다. 야생조류는 겨울철 여름철새의 출현, 철새의 텃새화로 나타났다. 또한 철새의 종 변화와 개체수 감소도 일어났다. 불규칙성과 비예측적 특성의 기온과 강수량 변동은 하천생태계를 연결하는 수문환경, 식물생태, 야생조류에 직·간접적 영향을 주고 있음이 판단되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 기후변화가 야생조류 서식환경에 어떤 영향을 주는지에 대해 분석하여 도시 내 환경·생태적 기능이 작동할 수 있는 하천 생태·경관보전지역 관리지표로 활용되고자 하였다. 향후 도시하천의 건강성 향상과 생물 다양성 기반조성을 위한 생태계서비스 차원의 기초연구로 참고할 가치가 높을 것으로 판단되었다.

The purpose of this study was to find the changes in the habitat of wild birds caused by climate change in urban rivers and protected areas that greatly require ecological functions. In the future, this study can be used as a management index to protect the urban river ecosystem and maintain the health of sustainable urban rivers, thereby ensuring biodiversity. The Tancheon Ecological and Landscape Conservation Area, selected as a target site, has been affected by climate change. The four seasons of Korea have a distinct temperate climate, but the average annual temperature in Seoul has risen by 2.4-2.8℃ over the last 40 years. Winter temperatures tended to gradually increase. Precipitation, which was concentrated from June to August, is now changing into localized torrential rain and a uniform precipitation pattern of several months. Climate change causes irregular and unforeseen features. Climate change has been shown to have various effects on urban river ecosystems. The decrease in the area of water surface and sedimentary land impacted river shape change and has led to large-scale terrestrialization. Plants showed disturbance, and the vegetation was simplified. The emergence of national climate change indicator species, the development of foreign herbaceous plants, the change of dry land native herbaceous species, and wet intelligence vegetation were developed. Wild birds appeared in the territory of winter-summer migratory. In addition, species change and the populations of migratory birds also occurred. It was judged that fluctuations in temperature and precipitation and non-predictive characteristics affect the hydrological environment, plant ecology, and wild birds connecting with the river ecosystem. The results of this study were to analyze how climate change affects the habitat of wild birds and to develop a management index for river ecological and landscape conservation areas where environmental and ecological functions in cities operate. This study can serve as a basic study at the level of ecosystem services to improve the health of urban rivers and create a foundation for biodiversity.

키워드

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