References
- Aird L, Samuel D, Stokes M. Quadriceps muscle tone, elasticity and stiffness in older males: reliability and symmetry using the MyotonPRO. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2012;55(2):e31-e39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2012.03.005
- Alfredson H, Pietila T, Jonsson P, et al. Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1998;26(3):360-366. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260030301
- American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM
- Anderson TP. Rehabilitation of patients with complete stroke. Philadelphia: Krusen's Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1990:656-673.
- Baechle, Thomas R, Roger W, et al. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics. 2008.
- Barnes MP, Johnson GR. Upper motor neurone syndrome and spasticity: clinical management and neurophysiology. England: Cambridge University Press. 2001.
- Bayouk JF, Boucher JP, Leroux A. Balance training following stroke: effects of task-oriented exercises with and without altered sensory input. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. 2006;29(1):51-59. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mrr.0000192100.67425.84
- Bianchi S. Ultrasound of the musculoskeletal system. Germany: Springer. 2007.
- Bohannon RW. Muscle strength and muscle training after stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2007;39(1):14.
- Bohannon RW. Strength of lower limb related to gait velocity and cadence in stroke patients. Physiotherapy Canada. 1986;38(4):204-206. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.38.4.204
- Bohannon RW. Reference values for knee extension strength obtained by hand-held dynamometry from apparently healthy older adults: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Frailty & Aging. 2017;6(4):199-201.
- Bohannon RW. Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: Reference valuesand determinants. Age and Ageing. 1997;26(1):15-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/26.1.15
- Bower KJ, Louie J, Landesrocha Y, et al. Clinical feasibility of interactive motion-controlled games for stroke rehabilitation. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. 2015;12(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-12-1
- Brincks J, Nielsen JF. Increased power generation in impaired lower extremities correlated with changes in walking speeds in sub-acute stroke patients. Clinical Biomechanics. 2012;27(2):138-144.
- Chakravarty K, Chatterjee D, Das RK, et al. Analysis of muscle activation in lower extremity for static balance. 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). 2017:4118-4122.
- Chuang LL, Wu CY, Lin KC. Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of Myotonometric Measurement of Muscle Tone, Elasticity, and Stiffness in Patients with Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2012;93(3):532-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.09.014
- Chuang LL, Lin KC, Wu CY, et al. Relative and absolute reliabilities of the myotonometric measurements of hemiparetic arms in patients with stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2013;94(3):459-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.08.212
- Clark DJ, Patten C. Eccentric Versus Concentric Resistance Training to Enhance Neuromuscular Activation and Walking Speed Following Stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 2013;27(4):335-344. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968312469833
- Cook JL, Docking SI. "Rehabilitation will increase the 'capacity' of your... insert musculoskeletal tissue here...." Defining 'tissue capacity': a core concept for clinicians. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015;49(23):1484-1485. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094849
- Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, et al. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods. 2007;39(2):175-191.
- Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, et al. Global burden of stroke: an underestimate - Authors reply. The Lancet. 2014;383(9924):1205-1206.
- Feng YN, Li YP, Liu CL, et al. Assessing the elastic properties of skeletal muscle and tendon using shearwave ultrasound elastography and MyotonPRO. Scientific Reports. 2018;8(1):17064.
- Frohlich-Zwahlen AK, Casartelli NC, Item-Glatthorn JF, et al. Validity of resting myotonometric asse ssment of lower extremity muscles in chronic stroke patients with limited hypertonia: a preliminary study. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2014;24(5):762-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.06.007
- Gage, James R. Gait analysis in cerebral palsy. England: Mac Keith Press. 1991.
- Gracies JM. Pathophysiology of Spastic Paresis. I: Paresis and Soft Tissue Changes. Muscle & Nerve: Official Journal of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine. 2005;31(5):535-551. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.20284
- Hsu AL, Tang PF, Jan MH. Analysis of impairments influencing gait velocity and asymmetry of hemiplegic patients after mild to moderate stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2003;84(8):1185-1193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00030-3
- Hwang DY, Ryu SH, Kwon KH, et al. Correlation Between Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST), Korean-Mini Mental State Examination, 2nd Edition (K-MMSE~2) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of Patients with Stroke. Therapeutic Science for Neurorehabilitation. 2022;11(2):53-62.
- Ingraham SJ. The role of flexibility in injury prevention and athletic performance: have we stretched the truth?. Minnesota Medicine. 2003;86(5):58-61.
- Jeong JG, Jang SE, Kim YN, et al. The Effect of Flexibiltity, Muscle Strength and Electrophysiologic Nature on Ballistic Stretching. Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology. 2010;8(2):1-6. https://doi.org/10.5627/KACE.2010.8.2.001
- Jessup JV, Horne C, Vishen RK, et al. Effects of exercise on bone density, balance, and self-efficacy in older women. Biological Research for Nursing. 2003;4(3):171-180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800402239628
- Jung KS, Jung JH, In TS, et al. Effectiveness of heel-raise-lower exercise after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020.9(11):3532.
- JW. L. Pathophysiology of spasticity and clinical experience with baclofen. Spasticity: disordered motor control. 1980:185-204.
- Kang JI, Baek SY, Jeong DK. The Effect of Task Gait Exercise Combined with Self-observation Training on Leg Muscle Activity and Gait in Stroke Patients. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2022;17(3):59-67. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2022.17.3.59
- Kang TW, Kim HM, Kim BR. Effect of Progressive Resistance Task-oriented Strengthening Exercise on Balance and Activities of Daily Living in Stroke Patients. PNF and Movement. 2020;18(1):77-86.
- Kim CS, Kim MK. Mechanical properties and physical fitness of trunk muscles using Myoton. Korean Journal of Physical Education. 2016;55(1):633-642.
- Kim DH, Kim KH. Effects of Treadmill Gait Training Combined with Muscle Tone Control Technique on Gait Ability in Patient with Chronic Stroke. Journal of Korean Society of Integrative Medicine. 2023;11(3):147-157.
- Kisner C, Colby L. A. Therapeutic exercise: foundations and techniques. Pennsylvania: F. A. Davis Co., Publishers. 2002:171-179.
- Knols RH, Aufdemkampe G, De Bruin ED, et al. Hand-held dynamometry in patients with haematological malignancies: measurement error in the clinical assessment of knee extension strength. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2009;10(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-10-1
- Knutsson E, Richards C. Different types of disturbed motor control in gait of hemiparetic patients. Brain: a Journal of Neurology. 1979;102(2):405-430. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/102.2.405
- Lee SM, Cynn HS, Yoon TL, et al. Effects of different heel-raise-lower exercise interventions on the strength of plantarflexion, balance, and gait parameters in stroke survivors. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2017;33(9):706-715. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2017.1346024
- Lienhard K, Schneider D, Maffiuletti NA. Validity of the Optogait photoelectric system for the assessment of spatiotemporal gait parameters. Medical Engineering & Physics. 2013;35(4):500-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.06.015
- Lin PY, Yang YR, Cheng SJ, et al. The Relation Between Ankle Impairments and Gait Velocity and Symmetry in People with Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2006;87(4):562-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.12.042
- Mafi N, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Superior short-term results with eccentric calf muscle training compared to concentric training in a randomized prospective multicenter study on patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2001:42-47.
- Magnusson SP, Simonsen EB, Aagaard P. Biomechanical responses to repeated stretches in human hamstring muscle in vivo. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1996;24(5):622-628. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659602400510
- Mauritz KH. Gait training in hemiplegia. European Journal of Neurology. 2002;9:23-29. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.0090s1023.x
- Moon SH. Immediate Effects of Using the PNF Contract-Relax Technique in theClose Kinetic Chain Position on the Gait Ability and Gastrocnemius Muscle Tone of Stroke Patients. PNF and Movement. 2017;15(1):35-40. https://doi.org/10.21598/JKPNFA.2017.15.1.35
- MyotonePRO User Manual.
- Nadeau S, Arsenault AB, Gravel D, et al. Analysis of the clinical factors determining natural and maximal gait speeds in adults with a stroke. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 1999;78(2):123-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002060-199903000-00007
- Nakamura M, Sato S, Hiraizumi K. Effects of static stretching programs performed at different volume-equated weekly frequencies on passive properties of muscle-tendon unit. Journal of Biomechanics. 2020;103:109670.
- Neumann, Donald A. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system. Missouri: Mosby. 2002.
- Oh DW. Muscle Wekness: Critical Issue in Stroke Rehabilitation. Korean Academy of Neuromuscular Physical Therapy. 2012;2(2):50-58.
- Olney SJ, Richards C. Hemiparetic gait following stroke. Part I: Characteristics. Gait & Posture. 1996;4(2):136-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(96)01063-6
- Park JH, Chung Y. The effects of providing visual feedback and auditory stimulation using a robotic device on balance and gait abilities in persons with stroke: a pilot study. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science. 2016;5(3):125-131. https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2016.5.3.125
- Park KH, Kim WB. The Effects of Ankle Strategy Exercise on Balance of Patients with Hemiplegia. Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2014;9(1):75-82. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2014.9.1.75
- Park SJ, Cho KH, Kim SH. The Immediate Effect of Interferential Current Therapy on Muscle Tone and Stiffness in Chronic Stroke Patients. Korean Society of Physical Medicine. 2019;14(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2019.14.1.1
- Perry J, Bleck EE. Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 1993:1122.
- Ping Ho Chung B, Kam Kwan Cheng B. Immediate effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2010;24(3):202-210.
- Rathore SS, Hinn AR, Cooper LS, et al. Characterization of incident stroke signs and symptoms: findings from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Stroke. 2002;33(11):2718-2721. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000035286.87503.31
- Ryu BH, Hong HP. The Comparison of the Effects of Joint Mobilization, InclineBoard and PNF stretching to Increase the Dorsiflexion of theAnkle Joint on Ankle Dosiflexion and the Muscle Tone of thePlantar Flexor the Ankle in Subjects with Stroke. Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopaedic Manual Therapy. 2020;26(1):55-63.
- Sackley C.M, Lincoln NB. Single blind randomized controlled trial of visual feedback after stroke: effects on stance symmetry and function. Disability and Rehabilitation. 1997;19(12):536-546. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638289709166047
- Samukawa M, Hattori M, Sugama N, et al. The effects of dynamic stretching on plantar flexor muscle-tendon tissue properties. Manual Therapy. 2011;16(6):618-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2011.07.003
- Seo TH, Doo YT, Jung DI. The Effect of Cane Height on Walking and Balance for Stroke Patients. Journal of Agricultural Medicine&Community Health. 2018;43(4):250-257.
- Sullivan KJ, Brown DA, Klassen T, et al. Effects of Task-Specific Locomotor and Strength Training in Adults Who Were Ambulatory After Stroke: Results of the STEPS Randomized Clinical Trial. Physical Therapy. 2015;87(12):1580-1602. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060310
- Umphred, Darcy Ann. Neurological rehabilitation. Missouri: Mosby. 2001.
- Urton ML, Kohia M, Davis J, et al. Systematic literature review of treatment interventions for upper extremity hemiparesis following stroke. Occupational Therapy International. 2007;14(1):11-27.
- Vattanasilp W, Ada L, Crosbie J. Contribution of thixotropy, spasticity, and contracture to ankle stiffness after stroke. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2000;69(1):34-39. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.69.1.34
- Winter, David A. Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. 2005.
- Yun KH, Woo JH, Woo YK. How The Heel Down Exercise Program Affects to the Functional Recovery and Dynamic Balance on Lower Extremity to Stroke Patients. Journal of Korean Academy of Medicine & Therapy Science. 2013;5(1):78-85.