Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea (한국경제지리학회지)

The Economic Geographical Society of Korea (한국경제지리학회)
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The Occupational Health and Safety of Migrant Workers and the Migrantisation of Risk: A Case Study of the UK Construction Industry

이주노동자의 산업안전보건과 위험의 이주화: 영국 건설업 사례를 중심으로

  • Julia Jiwon Shin (Department of Sociology, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Junho Chae (Department of Business Administration, Jeonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2024.03.17
  • Published : 2024.03.31
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Abstract

This study examines migrant workers' occupational health and safety issues through a case study of the UK construction industry, focusing on structural vulnerabilities. Migrant workers are at the bottom of the hierarchically fragmented labour market, performing outsourced hazardous work. Structural vulnerability focuses on the social structures that create hierarchies and increase risk in the workplace, rather than on individual responsibility or 'cultural' differences of migrant workers. The study considers the structural factors that perpetuate the migrantisation of risk in the UK construction industry, focusing on the structural necessity of low-wage migrant labour, precarious employment and the legal status of migrant workers, and discusses how these three factors interact to increase migrant workers' vulnerability to health and safety. The migrantisation of risk is not only a matter of occupational health and safety or universal workers' compensation, but also of the intertwining of labour migration policies with employment structures that rely on low-wage, low-skilled labour. This calls for proactive measures to address structural risks that go beyond passive declaratory policies that do not exclude migrant workers from education, training or legal systems.

이 연구는 영국 건설업 사례연구를 통해 이주노동자의 산업안전보건 문제를 구조적 취약성을 중심으로 살펴본다. 이주노동자는 중층적으로 분절화된 노동시장의 하층부에서 외주화된 위험노동을 담당한다. 구조적 취약성은 산업안전보건의 위험요인을 이주노동자 개인의 책임이나 '문화'적 차이보다는 작업장 내 위계를 형성하고 위험을 증가시키는 사회구조에 중점을 둔다. 이 연구는 영국 건설업 내 위험의 이주화를 지속화하는 구조적 요인을 저임금 이주노동력에의 의존성, 불안정 고용구조, 브렉시트 이후 이주노동자의 법적지위를 중심으로 살펴보고, 세 가지 요인이 어떻게 맞물리며 이주노동자의 건강과 안전에 대한 취약성을 증대하는지 논의한다. 위험의 이주화는 사업장의 안전보건이나 보편적 산재보험에 대한 논의뿐 아니라 저임금 저숙련 인력에 의존하는 고용구조와 국가의 노동이주정책이 상호연관된 문제이다. 이에 교육훈련이나 법제도에서 이주노동자를 배제하지 않는 소극적 차원의 선언적 정책을 넘어 구조적 위험요인을 제거해나가는 적극적조치가 요구된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2021년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단(NRF-2021S1A5C2A02089141) 및 2021년도 전북대학교 연구교수 연구비 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임.

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