Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factor analysis of subgrade spring stiffness of circular tunnel

  • Xiangyu Guo (College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University) ;
  • Liangjie Wang (POWERCHINA Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited) ;
  • Jun Wang (Sichuan Highway Planning, Survey, Design and Research Institute Ltd) ;
  • Junji An (Sichuan Highway Planning, Survey, Design and Research Institute Ltd)
  • Received : 2023.12.05
  • Accepted : 2024.01.31
  • Published : 2024.03.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper studied the subgrade spring stiffness and its influencing factors in the seismic deformation method of circular tunnel. Numerical calculations are performed for 3 influencing factors: stratum stiffness, tunnel diameter and burial depth. The results show that the stratum stiffness and tunnel diameter have great influence on the subgrade spring stiffness. The subgrade spring stiffness increases linearly with stratum stiffness increasement, and decreases with the tunnel diameter increasement. When the burial depth ratio (burial depth/tunnel diameter) exceeds to 5, the subgrade spring stiffness has little sensitivity to the burial depth. Then, a proposed formula of subgrade spring stiffness for the seismic deformation method of circular tunnel is proposed. Meanwhile, the internal force results of the seismic deformation method are larger than that of the dynamic time history method, but the internal force distributions of the two methods are consistent, that is, the structure exhibits elliptical deformation with the largest internal force at the conjugate 45° position of the circular tunnel. Therefore, the seismic deformation method based on the proposed formula can effectively reflect the deformation and internal force characteristics of the tunnel and has good applicability in engineering practice.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52308400, 52378342) and the Funds of Scientific and Technological Plan of Fujian Province (No. 2022Y4015).

References

  1. Bhalla, S., Yang, Y.W., Zhao, J. and Soh, C.K. (2005), "Structural health monitoring of underground facilities - technological issues and challenges", Tunnel. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 20(5), 487-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.03.003.
  2. Biot, M.A. (1937), "Bending of an infinite beam on an elastic foundation", J. Appl. Mech., 12(2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4008739.
  3. Callisto, L. and Ricci, C. (2019), "Interpretation and back-analysis of the damage observed in a deep tunnel after the 2016 Norcia earthquake in Italy", Tunnel. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 89, 238-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.04.012.
  4. Chen, P., Geng, P., Chen, J. and Gu, W. (2023), "The seismic damage mechanism of daliang tunnel by fault dislocation during the 2022 menyuan ms6.9 earthquake based on unidirectional velocity pulse input", Eng. Fail. Anal., 145, 107047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107047.
  5. Dong, Z., Wang, J., Wang, W. and Yao, Y. (2013), "Response displacement method for seismic analysis of underground structures based on soil layers displacement difference", J. Vib. Shock, 32(7), 38-42.
  6. Guo, X., Wang, Z., Geng, P., Chen, C. and Zhang, J. (2021), "Ground surface settlement response to subway station construction activities using pile-beam-arch method", Tunnel. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 108, 103729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103729.
  7. Hashash, Y.M.A., Hook, J.J., Schmidt, B. and I-Chiang Yao, J. (2001), "Seismic design and analysis of underground structures. Tunnel. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 16(4), 247-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00051-7.
  8. Kanizsar, S. (2021), "Determination of subgrade reaction coefficients and spring stiffnesses for a combined pile raft foundation (CPRF) by means of a cluster analysis", Slovak J. Civil Eng., 29(2), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2021-0010.
  9. Loukidis, D. and Tamiolakis, G.P. (2017), "Spatial distribution of winkler spring stiffness for rectangular mat foundation analysis", Eng. Struct., 153, 443-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.10.001.
  10. Luo, X., Murono, Y. and Nishimura, A. (2002), "Verifying adequacy of the seismic deformation method by using real examples of earthquake damage", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 22(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(01)00053-7.
  11. Manolis, G.D., Makra, K., Dineva, P.S. and Rangelov, T.V. (2013), "Seismic motions in a non-homogeneous soil deposit with tunnels by a hybrid computational technique", Earthq. Struct., 5(2), 161-205. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2013.5.2.161.
  12. Medjitna, L. and Amar Bouzid, D. (2019), "A numerical procedure to correlate the subgrade reaction coefficient with soil stiffness properties for laterally loaded piles using the FSAFEM", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 13(5), 458-473. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2017.1365475.
  13. Nogami, T. and Chen, H.S. (2003), "Dynamic soil stiffnesses at side of embedded structures with rectangular base", J. Eng. Mech., 129(8), 963-973. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2003)129:8(963).
  14. Pan, Y., Li, G., Liu, S., OUyang, T. and Cai, G. (2018), "Study on the test method and value of the horizontal subgrade coefficient", Chin. J. Undergr. Sp. Eng., 14(3), 712-718.
  15. Prendergast, L.J. and Gavin, K. (2016), "A comparison of initial stiffness formulations for small-strain soil-pile dynamic winkler modelling", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 81, 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.11.006.
  16. Sadrekarimi, J. and Akbarzad, M. (2009), "Comparative study of methods of determination of coefficient of subgrade reaction", Electron. J. Geotech. Eng., 14(1), 45-61.
  17. Shafiei, P., Azadi, M. and Razzaghi, M.S. (2022), "A novel liquefaction prediction framework for seismically-excited tunnel lining", Earthq. Struct., 22(4), 401-419. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2022.22.4.401.
  18. Terzaghi, K.V. (1955), "Evaluation of coefficient of subgrade reaction", Geotech., 5(4), 297-326. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1955.5.4.297
  19. Vesic, A.B. (1961), "Beams on elastic subgrade and the winkler's hypothesis", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Paris, France, July.
  20. Wang, Q., Geng, P., Chen, C., Chen, J. and He, C. (2023), "Determination of seismic response of reinforced tunnel portal slope using shaking table tests", Tunnel. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 136, 105072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2023.105072.
  21. Yan, Q.X., Bao, R., Chen, H., Li, B.J., Chen, W.Y., Dai, Y.W. and Zhou, H.Y. (2019), "Dynamic response and waterproof property of tunnel segmental lining subjected to earthquake action", Earthq. Struct., 17(4), 411-424. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.17.4.411.
  22. Yang, Y.M., Tian, X.R., Liu, Q.H., Zhi, J.B. and Wang, B. (2019), "Anti-seismic behavior of composite precast utility tunnels based on pseudo-static tests", Earthq. Struct., 17(2), 233-244. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.17.2.233.
  23. Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Huang, M. and Yu, J. (2023), "Responses of a circular tunnel in an elastic ground with an improvement of the subgrade modulus", Comput. Geotech., 157, 105333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105333.
  24. Zhang, X., Jiang, Y. and Sugimoto, S. (2018), "Seismic damage assessment of mountain tunnel: A case study on the tawarayama tunnel due to the 2016 kumamoto earthquake", Tunnel. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 71, 138-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.07.019
  25. Zhao, W.S., Zhong, K., Chen, W.Z. and Xie, P.Y. (2022), "A quasi-static finite element approach for seismic analysis of tunnels considering tunnel excavation and P-waves", Earthq. Struct., 22(6), 349-359. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2022.22.6.549.
  26. Zhu, H., Yan, J. and Liang, W. (2019), "Challenges and development prospects of ultra-long and ultra-deep mountain tunnels", Eng., 5(3), 384-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.04.009.