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한국의 전기차 사용 후 배터리 재활용 및 재사용 효과 분석 연구

Analysis of the Effects of Recycling and Reuse of Used Electric Vehicle Batteries in Korea

  • Yujeong Kim (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources)
  • 투고 : 2023.12.15
  • 심사 : 2024.01.20
  • 발행 : 2024.02.29

초록

IEA(2022)는 세계 이차전지 배터리 수요는 2040년 1.3TWh로 그 중, 전기자동차 배터리는 약 80%를 차지하고, 사용후 배터리는 30년 이후 본격적으로 배출될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 전기차 사용후 배터리는 재사용 및 재활용을 통해 새로운 가치를 창출할 수 있으며, 배터리 공급망에서 가장 취약한 부분인 원료 확보 불안정성을 해소할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 전기차 사용후 배터리 발생량과 이의 재사용 및 재활용 잠재성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 전기차 사용후 배터리 연간 발생량은 '31년부터 10만개에서 '45년 81만개로 확대될 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 재활용으로 회수한 자원으로 '45년에는 100만대의 배터리 제조할 수 있으며, 재사용은 36Gwh급 배터리 생산에 맞먹는 시장을 기대할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 현재 재활용 업체가 공개한 계획 기준에서, 국내 전기차 사용후 배터리는 국내 재활용 처리용량(전처리)의 11% 담당 가능('30년)할 것으로 원료확보의 차원에서 폐배터리 수출입 관리가 중요할 것이다.

According to the IEA (2022), global rechargeable battery demand is expected to reach 1.3 TWh in 2040. EV batteries will account for about 80% of this demand, and used EV batteries are expected to be discharged after 30 years. Used EV batteries can be recycled and reused to create new value. They can also resolve one of the most vulnerable parts of the battery supply chain: raw material insecurity. In this study, we analyzed the amount of used batteries generated by EV in Korea and their potential for reuse and recycling. As a result, it was estimated that the annual generation of used batteries for EV began to increase to more than 100,000 in '31 and expanded to 810,000 in '45. In addition, it was found that the market for recycling EV batteries in '45 could be expected to be equivalent to the production of 1 million batteries, and the market for reuse could be expected to be equivalent to the production of 36 Gwh of batteries. On the other hand, according to the plan standard disclosed by the recycling company, domestic used EV batteries can account for 11% of the domestic recycling processing capacity (pre-treatment) ('30). So it will be important to manage the import and export of used batteries in terms of securing raw materials.

키워드

과제정보

본 연구는 한국지질자원연구원"기본사업 GP2020-005" 과제와 대한상공회의소의 지원을 받아 수행하였습니다.

참고문헌

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