Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
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In vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of methanolic extract of Bidens pilosa and identification of active compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

  • Gabriel Enrique Cazares-Jaramillo (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Patologia Molecular y Experimental) ;
  • Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Patologia Molecular y Experimental) ;
  • Itza Eloisa Luna-Cruz (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia) ;
  • Luisa Yolanda Solis-Soto (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Genetica de Microorganismos ) ;
  • Jose Luis Rosales-Encina (Departamento de Infectomica y Patogenesis Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados de IPN) ;
  • Lucio Galaviz-Silva (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Laboratorio de Patologia Molecular y Experimental)
  • Received : 2023.06.07
  • Accepted : 2023.08.14
  • Published : 2023.11.30
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Abstract

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, is a significant but neglected tropical public health issue in Latin America due to the diversity of its genotypes and pathogenic profiles. This complexity is compounded by the adverse effects of current treatments, underscoring the need for new therapeutic options that employ medicinal plant extracts without negative side effects. Our research aimed to evaluate the trypanocidal activity of Bidens pilosa fractions against epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of T. cruzi, specifically targeting the Brener and Nuevo León strains-the latter isolated from Triatoma gerstaeckeri in General Terán, Nuevo León, México. We processed the plant's aerial parts (stems, leaves, and flowers) to obtain a methanolic extract (Bp-mOH) and fractions with varying solvent polarities. These preparations inhibited more than 90% of growth at concentrations as low as 800 ㎍/ml for both parasite stages. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for the Bp-mOH extract and its fractions were below 500 ㎍/ml. Tests for cytotoxicity using Artemia salina and Vero cells and hemolytic activity assays for the extract and its fractions yielded negative results. The methanol fraction (BPFC3MOH1) exhibited superior inhibitory activity. Its functional groups, identified as phenols, enols, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and proteins, include compounds such as 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde (50.9%), pentadecyl prop-2-enoate (22.1%), and linalool (15.4%). Eight compounds were identified, with a match confirmed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-MS) software through mass spectrometry analysis.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by PAICyT-UANL grant # CN943-19, and 125-CS-2022 (ZJMG and LGS). We are also grateful to CONAHCyT for the scholarship granted to the first author (GECJ) during her Ph.D. degree. We thank to the staff of the Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology of the FCB for their technical assistance.

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