Resources Recycling (자원리싸이클링)

The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling (한국자원리싸이클링학회)
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Material Flow Analysis for Stable Supply and Demand Management of Tin

주석의 안정적 수급관리를 위한 물질흐름분석

  • Sang Hyun Oh (Program in Circular Economy Environmental System, Graduate School, Inha University) ;
  • Hong-Yoon Kang (Program in Circular Economy Environmental System, Graduate School, Inha University) ;
  • Yong Woo Hwang (Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Doo Hwan Kim (Program in Circular Economy Environmental System, Graduate School, Inha University) ;
  • Kayoung Shin (Program in Circular Economy Environmental System, Graduate School, Inha University) ;
  • Nam Seok Kim (Program in Circular Economy Environmental System, Graduate School, Inha University)
  • 오상현 (인하대학교 순환경제환경시스템전공) ;
  • 강홍윤 (인하대학교 순환경제환경시스템전공) ;
  • 황용우 (인하대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김두환 (인하대학교 순환경제환경시스템전공) ;
  • 신가영 (인하대학교 순환경제환경시스템전공) ;
  • 김남석 (인하대학교 순환경제환경시스템전공)
  • Received : 2023.05.30
  • Accepted : 2023.06.29
  • Published : 2023.08.31
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Abstract

There has been a rapid increase in metal prices in recent times, due to global competition to acquire rare metal resources, as well as the resource weaponization policies of resource-rich countries. Some resource-rich countries are strengthening export controls and taxation through protectionist trade policies, enhancing instability in the supply of minerals. Futhermore, the current global reserves and mining amounts of tin are 4.9 million tons and 4.6 million tons, respectively, with an estimated reserve life of 15.3 years. Considering these circumstances, this study conducted a material flow analysis to examine the fluctuation of tin on an annual basis and analyze relevant industry trends. Through this, we aim to achieve stable management of tin, which is a not only a limited resource but also designated as a conflict mineral. The results of the material flow analysis indicate that tin, due to its low melting point and corrosion resistance, is widely used as a key material in industries, such as electrical and electronics, display, and steel industries. Among these products, printed circuit boards, metal products, and gas sensors experienced significant fluctuations in 2021. In particular, printed circuit boards witnessed a 55% increase, as compared to 2018. Furthermore, printed circuit boards accounted for 47%, or 5,625 tons out of 11,963 tons, of the flow of intermediate products in primary processed goods. Currently, the global market size of printed circuit boards is growing consistently, and domestic demand is also increasing. However, in 2021, the resource circulation and recycling rates of tin declined slightly to 4.3% and 27.5%, respectively, compared to 5.1% and 29.6% in 2018. This suggests the need for the recovery of tin within printed circuit boards, from the perspective of resource circulation and recycling rates. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the material flow of tin in both, 2018 and 2021, to derive key implications and propose measures to improve the rate of its resource circulation and recycling.

최근 희유금속자원 확보의 글로벌 경쟁 및 자원보유국의 자원무기화 정책에 따라, 금속 가격이 급격히 상승하였다. 일부 자원보유국은 보호무역주의로 수출 통제 및 과세를 강화하며, 이로 인해 광물의 공급 불안정성이 심화되고 있다. 또한 전 세계 주석 부존량과 채굴량은 각각 490만 ton, 460만 ton으로 가채연수는 15.3년이 남은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한정된 자원이며, 분쟁광물로 지정된 주석의 안정적 관리 및 자원생산성 향상을 위해 물질흐름분석을 기반으로 주석의 연도별 변동 현황과 관련 산업동향을 분석하였다. 물질흐름분석 결과, 주석은 낮은 융점과 내부식성의 특성으로 인해 땜납, 주석도금강판, ITO 타겟 등 전기·전자산업, 디스플레이 산업, 철강산업 등에 핵심소재로 쓰이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 '21년 큰 변동 폭을 보인 품목은 인쇄회로기판, 금속제품, 가스 센서로 나타났으며, 특히 인쇄회로기판은 '18년 대비 '21년 약 55%로 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 또한 1차 가공제품에서 중간제품의 흐름의 총 11,963 ton 중 인쇄회로기판의 흐름은 5,625 ton으로 약 47%를 차지하고 있다. 현재 인쇄회로기판은 전세계적으로 시장규모가 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 국내 수요 또한 증가하고 있다. 하지만 '21년 주석의 자원순환율, 재자원화율은 '21년 각각 4.3%, 27.5%로 '18년 5.1%, 29.6% 대비 소폭 감소한 것으로 산정되었다. 이는 주석의 자원순환율과 재자원화율 관점에서 인쇄회로기판 내 주석의 회수가 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 '18년, '21년 주석의 물질흐름 비교분석을 통해, 주요 시사점을 도출하고 주석의 자원순환율 및 재자원화율 향상방안을 제시하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2023년도 정부(산업통상자원부)의 재원으로 한국산업기술진흥원의 지원(P0008421, 2023년 산업전문인력역량강화사업)과 산업통상자원부 "자원생산성 기반 구축사업"의 지원으로 수행된 연구임.

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