Anxiety and mood (대한불안의학회지)

Korean Academy of Anxiety Disorders (대한불안의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Mediating Effects of Interpersonal Problems in the Association Between Depression and Smartphone Addiction Among Preadolescence

전청소년기 우울과 스마트폰 중독 간의 관계에서 대인관계문제의 매개 효과

  • YeonJoo Nam (Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Min-Hyuk Kim (Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Jinhee Lee (Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Yongseok Seo (Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Seongho Min (Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
  • 남연주 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 김민혁 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 이진희 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 서용석 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 민성호 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2023.09.27
  • Accepted : 2023.10.24
  • Published : 2023.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective : This study aimed to estimate the mediating effect of interpersonal problems in the association between depression and smartphone addiction among preadolescence. We verified the gender differences and interpersonal problem subtypes. Methods : This cross-sectional study obtained data from 674 subjects aged 9-12 years. The questionnaire included the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form Version (SAS-SV), the Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Korea Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (KIIP-SC). We analyzed data using Pearson's correlation analysis and evaluated the mediating effect of interpersonal problems. Results : The CDI score showed positive correlations with associated with the SAS-SV and the KIIP. In the total group, the KIIP-PA (Domineering) (b=0.13, 95%CI [0.05, 0.22]), the KIIP-BC (Vindictive)(b=0.07, 95%CI [0.02, 0.14]) and the KIIP-NO (Intrusive) (b=0.07, 95%CI [0.02, 0.13]) significantly mediated the association between the CDI and the SAS-SV. In men, the mediating effect of the KIIP-PA (Domineering) (b=0.20, 95% CI [0.08, 0.35]) was significant. On the other hand, in women, the mediating effect of the KIIP-BC (Vindictive) (b=0.14, 95% CI [0.06, 0.25]) and the KIIP-NO (Intrusive) (b=0.08, 95% CI [0.02, 0.17]) were significant. Conclusion : Understanding the mediating role of interpersonal problems in the association between depression and smartphone addiction may help find the appropriate intervention target.

Keywords

References

  1. Park C, Park YR. The conceptual model on smart phone addiction among early childhood. Int J Soc Sci Humanit 2014;4:147. 
  2. Korea communications commission, Korea information society development institute. The survey of Broadcast media use behavior in 2022;2023:395-396. https://kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=A02060100&dc=60100&dc=&boardId=1027&boardSeq=54472. Accessed 23 Sep 2023. 
  3. Ministry of Science and ICT, National Information Society Agency, 2022 The survey on smartphone overdependence; 2023. https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=99&mPid=74&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=79&nttSeqNo=3173539&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt. Accessed 18 Oct 2023. 
  4. Korea Information Society Development Institute, Analysis of mobile phone ownership and use patterns of children and adolescents. KISDI STAT report 2019 Sep vol.19-18. https://www.kisdi.re.kr/report/view.do?key=m2101113025790&masterId=4333447&arrMasterId=4333447&artId=554166. Accessed 18 Oct 2023. 
  5. Bae SY, Lee CH. Research on youth media use and policy response measures I: Elementary school-basic reports National youth policy institute 2020;1-398. https://nypi.re.kr/brdrr/boardrrView.do?menu_nix=4o9771b7&brd_id=BDIDX_PJk7xvf7L096m1g7Phd3YC&cont_idx=722&seltab_idx=0&edomweivgp=R. Accessed 23 Sep 2023. 
  6. Ting CH, Chen YY. Smartphone addiction. In: Essau CA, Delfabbro PH, editors. Adolescent addiction. 2nd ed. Elsevier Academic Press; 2020. p.215-240. 
  7. Kardefelt-Winther D, Heeren A, Schimmenti A, van Rooij A, Maurage P, Carras M, et al. How can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours? Addiction 2017;112:1709-1715.  https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13763
  8. Lin YH, Chiang CL, Lin PH, Chang LR, Ko CH, Lee YH, et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria for smartphone addiction. PloS One 2016;11:e0163010. 
  9. Elhai JD, Dvorak RD, Levine JC, Hall BJ. Problematic smartphone use: a conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. J Affect Disord 2017;207;251-259.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.030
  10. Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Chang YH, Yeh YC, Ko CH. The bidirectional interactions between addiction, behaviour approach and behaviour inhibition systems among adolescents in a prospective study. Psychiatry Res 2012;200:588-592.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.015
  11. Sullivan HS. The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. WW Norton & Co. 1953. 
  12. Jess F, Gregory JF. Theories of personality. 7th ed. McGraw Hill;2012. p.229-230. 
  13. Starr LR, Davila J. Differentiating interpersonal correlates of depressive symptoms and social anxiety in adolescence: implications for models of comorbidity. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2008;37:337-349.  https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410801955854
  14. Lee IS, Lee MH, Kim HK, Park JS, Son JH. A study on the internet game and smartphone usage of the senior elementary school students. JKAIS 2020;21:421-432. 
  15. Hong YP, Yeom YO, Lim MH. Relationships between smartphone addiction and smartphone usage types, depression, adhd, stress, interpersonal problems, and parenting attitude with middle school students. J Korean Med Sci 2021;36:e129. 
  16. Han S, Oh K. A study on cellular phone addiction symptom dependent on interpersonal relationship types and using inclination: Focus on the case of undergraduates. Korean journal of Broadcasting 2006;371-405. 
  17. Cheung MC, Lai JSK, Yip J. Influences of smartphone and computer use on health-related quality of life of early adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19:2100. 
  18. Noh JU, Choi, JY. The influence of excessive smart phone use on happiness among elementary school children in higher grade: Mediating effects of social relationship. KALCI 2019;19:1265-1286.  https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2019.19.12.1265
  19. Beak HW, Shin YM, Shin KM. Emotional and behavioral problems related to smartphone overuse in elementary school children. JKNA 2014;53:320-326.  https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2014.53.5.320
  20. Mischel W, Shoada Y, Rodriguez ML. Delay of gratification in children. Science 1989;244: 933-938.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2658056
  21. Hong SH, Cho Y, Kwon JH, Park EY, Kim YH, Kim Y. Short form of the korean inventory of interpersonal problems circumplex scales (KIIP-SC). Kor J Clin Psychol 2002;21:923-940. 
  22. Gangwon State. Resident registration demographic statistics. 2022. https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=211&tblId=DT_B31&conn_path=I2. Accessed 23 Sep 2023. 
  23. Kovacs M. The Children's Depression, Inventory (CDI). Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;21:995-998. 
  24. Cho SC, Lee YS. Development of the Korean form of the kovacs' childeren's depression inventory. JKNA 1990;29:943-956. 
  25. Horowitz LM, Rosenberg SE, Baer BA, Ureno G, Villasenor VS. Inventory of interpersonal problems: psychometric properties and clinical applications. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56:885. 
  26. Alden LE, Wiggins JS, Pincus AL. Construction of circumplex scales for the inventory of interpersonal problems. J Pers Assess 1990;55:521-536.  https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5503&4_10
  27. Kim YH, Kwon JH, Hong SH, Kim Y, Cho Y, Park EY. Validation of korean inventory of interpersonal problems: KIIP-C and KIIP-PD. Kor J Clin Psychol 2002;21:391-411. 
  28. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, et al. Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS one 2013;8:e56936. 
  29. Kwon M, Kim DJ, Cho H, Yang S. The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PloS one 2013;8:e83558. 
  30. R core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria;2022. URL http://www.R-project.org/. 
  31. Thomee S. Mobile phone use and mental health. A review of the research that takes a psychological perspective on exposure. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15:2692. 
  32. Jun S. The reciprocal longitudinal relationships between mobile phone addiction and depressive symptoms among Korean adolescents. Comput Human Behav 2016;58:179-186.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.061
  33. Xu D, Qian L, Wang Y, Wang M, Shen C, Zhang T, et al. Understanding the dynamic relationships among interpersonal personality characteristics, loneliness, and smart-phone use: Evidence from experience sampling. 2015 International Conference on Computer Science and Mechanical Automation (CSMA) 2015:19-24 
  34. Park JS. Relationship of social, interpersonal adjustment and internet use of college student: the practical use in counselling. KJHP 2010;15:357-367.  https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2010.15.2.012
  35. Randler C, Wolfgang L, Matt K, Demirhan E, Horzum MB, Besoluk S. Smartphone addiction proneness in relation to sleep and morningness-eveningness in german adolescents. J Behav Addict 2016;5:465-473.  https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.056
  36. Yoon JY, Jeong KH, Cho HJ. The effects of children's smartphone addiction on sleep duration: The moderating effects of gender and age. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18:5943. 
  37. Lee J, Ahn JS, Min S, Kim MH. Psychological characteristics and addiction propensity according to content type of smartphone use. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:2292. 
  38. Kim BK, Baek YM, Heo CG. The relation among attachment, smart phone addiction, and sns addiction: the mediating role of interpersonal problem. Korean Journal of Youth Studies 2016;23:483-502.  https://doi.org/10.21509/KJYS.2016.03.23.3.483
  39. Ciocca G, Zauri S, Limoncin E, Mollaioli D, D'Antuono L, Carosa E, et al. Attachment style, sexual orientation, and biological sex in their relationships with gender role. Sex Med 2020;8:76-83.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2019.09.001
  40. Bae SM. The relationships between perceived parenting style, learning motivation, friendship satisfaction, and the addictive use of smartphones with elementary school students of south korea: Using multivariate latent growth modeling. Sch Psychol Int 2015;36:513-531.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034315604017
  41. Kim JH. Longitudinal associations among psychological issues and problematic use of smartphones. J Media Psychol 2017;31:117-127. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000234