KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
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Influence of Artificial Rainfall on Wheat Grain Quality During Ripening by Using the Speed-breeding System

세대단축시스템을 이용한 국내 밀 품종의 등숙기 강우에 의한 품질변이 평가

  • 박현진 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 논이용작물과) ;
  • 차진경 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 논이용작물과) ;
  • 이소명 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 논이용작물과) ;
  • 권영호 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 논이용작물과) ;
  • 최지수 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 논이용작물과) ;
  • 오기원 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 논이용작물과) ;
  • 이종희 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 논이용작물과)
  • Received : 2023.07.03
  • Accepted : 2023.07.26
  • Published : 2023.09.01
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Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop in Korea, with a per capita consumption of 31.6 kg in 2019. In the southern region, wheat is grown after paddy rice, and it is harvested during the rainy season in mid-June. This timing, in combination with high humidity and untimely rainfall, activates the enzyme alpha-amylase, which breaks down starch in the wheat grains. As a result, sprouted grains have lower quality and value for flour. However, seeds that absorb water before sprouting are expected to maintain better quality. The aim of the study was to identify the critical period during wheat maturation when rainfall has the greatest impact on grain quality, to prevent price declines due to quality deterioration. Two wheat cultivars, Jokyoung and Hwanggeumal, were grown in a speed breeding room, and artificial rainfall was applied at different times after heading (30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 days). The proportion of vitreous grains decreased from 40 to 55 days after heading (DAH). Both cultivars had chalky grain sections from 35 DAH, with Hwanggeumal having a higher proportion of vitreous grains. Starch degradation was observed using FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) at 40 DAH for Jokyoung and 50 DAH for Hwanggeumal. Color measurements indicated increased L and E values from 40 DAH, with rain treatment at 55 DAH leading to a significant increase in L values for both cultivars. Ash content increased at 45 DAH, whereas SDSS decreased at 35 DAH. Overall, grain quality from 40 DAH until harvest was found to be affected to the greatest extent by direct exposure of the spikes to moisture. Red wheat showed better quality than white wheat. These findings have implications for the cultivation of high-quality wheat and can guide future research efforts in this area.

밀 등숙기 강우의 영향을 분석하기 위해 백립계인 조경과 적립계인 황금알을 이용하여 출수기 이후 시기별 인공강우처리에 의한 품질을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 종자 단면은 출수기 이후 35일부터 분상질화되기 시작하였고, 출수기 이후 40일부터 ΔL값과 ΔE*ab 값이 증가하기 시작하였다. 출수기 이후 55일에 조경은 종자 단면 전체가 분상질화 되었지만, 황금알은 초자질 비율이 높게 유지되어 품질변이에 강할 것으로 예상되었다. 주사전자현미경을 이용한 종자 내 전분입자 촬영 결과, 조경은 출수기 이후 40일부터, 황금알은 50일부터 A-, B-granule이 분해되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 종자 품질분석 결과, 단백질 함량은 처리시기별 경향성을 나타내지 않았으나, 회분은 출수기 이후 45일 처리부터 유의하게 증가하였고 침전가는 출수기 이후 35일부터 감소하였다. 따라서 밀 등숙 전반기에는 강우의 영향을 적게 받지만, 출수기 이후 40~45일부터는 강우에 의한 품질변이에 취약할 것으로 예상된다. 또한 적립계 밀 품종은 백립계에 비하여 수발아에 강한 것으로 알려져 있으며, 본 연구에서도 황금알이 조경에 비해 등숙 후반기 강우에도 품질이 높게 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 밀 종피색와 품질변이 간 관계에 대한 추가적인 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(연구개발과제명: 경질밀의 등숙기 강우와 작부체계 유형에 따른 품질변이 분석, 연구과제개발번호: PJ016043012023)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

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