Korean Journal of Cognitive Science (인지과학)

The Korean Society for Cognitive Science (한국인지과학회)
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How facial emotion affects switching cost: Eastern and Western cultural differences

얼굴 표정 정서가 전환 과제 수행에 미치는 영향: 동서양 문화차

  • Jini Tae (Division of Liberal Arts and Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Yeeun Nam (Department of Psychology, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Yoonhyoung Lee (Department of Psychology, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Myeong-ho Sohn (Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, George Washington University) ;
  • Tae-hoon Kim (Department of Psychology, Kyungnam University)
  • 태진이 (광주과학기술원 기초교육학부) ;
  • 남예은 (영남대학교 심리학과) ;
  • 이윤형 (영남대학교 심리학과) ;
  • 손명호 (조지워싱턴대학교 심리학과) ;
  • 김태훈 (경남대학교 심리학과)
  • Received : 2023.08.14
  • Accepted : 2023.09.05
  • Published : 2023.09.30
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Abstract

This study aimed to examine the influence of emotional information on task switching performance from a cross-cultural perspective. Specifically we investigated whether the impact of affective information differs between Koreans and Caucasian when they perform a switching task using pictures that express positive and negative emotions. In this study, Korean and Caucasian college students were presented with either positive or negative faces and asked to perform either an emotion or a gender judgment task based on the color of the picture frame. The results showed that the switching cost from the gender judgment task to the emotion task was significantly larger than the switching cost from the gender task to the emotion task for both Koreans and Caucasians. This asymmetric switching cost was maintained when the previous and current pictures showed the same emotion but disappeared when two images presented different emotions. Regardless of the participant's cultural background, switching costs were greater for emotional tasks where the emotion was directly related to the task than for gender tasks. However, the effect of emotional switching on switching costs varied by the individual's background. Koreans were less sensitive to whether poser's emotion was changed than Americans. These results demonstrate that emotional information affects cognitive task performance and suggest that the effects of emotion may differ depending on the individual's cultural background.

본 연구의 목적은 전환 과제 수행 시 정서 정보의 영향을 비교 문화적 관점에서 살펴보는 것이다. 보다 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 긍정 정서와 부정 정서를 표현하고 있는 사진을 사용하여 전환 과제 수행 시 정소 정보의 영향이 한국인들과 미국인들에게서 다르게 나타나는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 한국대학생들과 미국 대학생들에게 긍정 혹은 부정 얼굴을 제시하고 제시된 사진의 테두리 색깔에 맞춰 정서판단 과제 혹은 성별 판단 과제를 수행하도록 요구하였다. 실험 결과, 한국인과 미국인 모두 성별 과제에서 정서 과제로의 전환 비용이 성별 과제에서 정서 과제로의 전환 비용에 비해 유의미하게 크게 나타났고, 사진에서 표현하는 정서가 반복되는 조건이 정서가 전환되는 조건에 비해 더 큰 전환 비용을 보였다. 또한, 참가자의 문화적 배경과 무관하게 과제와 정서가 직접적으로 관련된 정서 과제가 성별 과제에 비해 정서 전환 여부에 따른 전환 비용이 더 크게 나타났다. 하지만, 정서 전환이 전환 과제 수행에 미치는 영향을 개인이 속한 문화에 따라 달랐는데, 한국인이 미국인에 비해 사진에서 표현되는 정서의 전환 여부에 덜 민감하게 반응하였다. 이러한 결과는 정서 정보가 인지과제 수행에 영향을 준다는 것을 보여주며 정서의 영향이 개인이 속하고 자라온 문화적 배경에 따라 다를 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 대한민국 교육부(NRF-2020S1A3A2A02103899) 지원에 의해 수행되었음.

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