Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
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Phytoplankton Variability in Response to Glacier Retreat in Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica in 2021-2022 Summer

하계 마리안 소만 빙하후퇴에 따른 식물플랑크톤 변동성 분석

  • Chorom Shim (Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Jun-Oh Min (Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Boyeon Lee (Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute) ;
  • Seo-Yeon Hong (Environmental Measurement & Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Sun-Yong Ha (Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute)
  • 심초롬 (극지연구소 해양연구본부) ;
  • 민준오 (극지연구소 해양연구본부) ;
  • 이보연 (극지연구소 해양연구본부) ;
  • 홍서연 (국립환경과학원 환경측정센터) ;
  • 하선용 (극지연구소 해양연구본부)
  • Received : 2023.07.03
  • Accepted : 2023.08.29
  • Published : 2023.08.31
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Abstract

Rapid climate change has resulted in glacial retreat and increased meltwater inputs in the Antarctic Peninsula, including King George Island where Marian Cove is located. Consequently, these phenomena are expected to induce changes in the water column light properties, which in turn will affect phytoplankton communities. To comprehend the effects of glacial retreat on the marine ecosystem in Marian Cove, we investigated on phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a, chl-a) and various environment parameters in this area in December 2021 and January 2022. The average temperature at the euphotic depth in January 2022 (1.41 ± 0.13 ℃) was higher than that in December 2021 (0.87 ± 0.17 ℃). Contrastingly, the average salinity was lower in January 2022 (33.9 ± 0.10 psu) than in December 2021 (34.1 ± 0.12 psu). Major nutrients, including dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate, were sufficiently high, and thus, did not act as limiting factors for phytoplankton biomass. In December 2021 and January 2022, the mean chl-a concentrations were 1.03 ± 0.64 and 0.66 ± 0.15㎍ L-1, respectively. The mean concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) was 24.9 ± 3.54 mgL-1 during the study period, with elevated values observed in the vicinity of the inner glacier. However, relative lower chl-a concentrations were observed near the inner glacier, possibly due to high SPM load from the glacier, resulting in reduced light attenuation by SPM shading. Furthermore, the proportion of nanophytoplankton exceeded 70% in the inner cove, contributing to elevated mean fractions of nanophytoplankton in the glacier retreat marine ecosystem. Overall, our study indicated that freshwater and SPM inputs from glacial meltwater may possibly act as main factors controlling the dynamics of phytoplankton communities in glacier retreat areas. The findings may also serve as fundamental data for better understanding the carbon cycle in Marian Cove.

세종기지가 위치한 마리안 소만은 기후 변화로 인한 빙하후퇴로 다량의 융빙수가 유입되고 있다. 이러한 빙하후퇴에 따른 생태계 반응을 예측하기 위해, 해양 환경 변화의 지시자인 식물플랑크톤 생체량 및 크기 구조와 물리, 화학적 매개변수에 대한 현장 조사를 2021년 12월, 2022년 1월 두 차례 수행하였다. 2022년 1월의 수온과 염분은 평균 1.41 ± 0.13 ℃, 33.9 ± 0.10 psu로 2021년 1월의 수온과 염분인 0.87 ± 0.17 ℃, 34.1 ± 0.12 psu보다 상대적으로 고온, 저염의 양상을 보였다. 조사시기 동안 영양염류는 대체로 높은 농도를 보여 식물 플랑크톤의 제한요소로 작용하지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 식물플랑크톤 생체량의 지표인 엽록소는 2021년 12월, 2022년 1월에 각각 1.03 ± 0.64 ㎍ L-1, 0.66 ± 0.15 ㎍ L-1로 나타났으며 부유물질은 전체 조사기간 평균 24.9 ± 3.54 mg L-1로 나타났다. 부유물질의 농도가 높은 소만내측에서 엽록소는 낮은 농도를 보였는데 이는 융빙수로부터 유입되는 고농도의 부유물질로 인해 수층 내 빛이 강하게 제한되어 식물플랑크톤의 성장이 저해된 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 빙벽 주변 정점에서 크기가 작은 미소 식물플랑크톤이 전체 식물플랑크톤 생체량에서 70% 이상 차지하는 것으로 나타났으며 이는 융빙수 유입으로 유발된 저조도 환경에서 미소 식물플랑크톤의 기여도가 증가할 수 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 본 연구는 빙하후퇴 지역에서 유입되는 담수와 부유물질이 식물플랑크톤의 생체량 및 군집구조 조절 요인이 될 수 있음을 시사하며, 결과 자료는 추후 마리안 소만의 탄소순환 변동을 파악하는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 한국해양과학기술원 부설 극지연구소 기관고유사업 "서남극해 온난화에 따른 탄소흡수력 변동 및 생태계 반응 연구(PE23110)"의 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다.

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