The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Biogeochemistry of Methane in Water and Sediment: Methane Generation in Coastal Areas with Bottom Water Hypoxia

메탄의 생지화학적 거동과 한국 연안해역 저(빈)산소 층 발달에 따른 메탄 생성

  • DONGJOO JOUNG (Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2023.05.23
  • Accepted : 2023.08.08
  • Published : 2023.08.31
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Abstract

Methane (CH4) is a key greenhouse gas in the atmosphere with 85 times greater greenhouse potent relative to carbon dioxide (CO2). The atmospheric concentration of CH4 is rapidly increasing due to the intensive usage of CH4 and the thawing of the cryosphere. Additionally, with the current warming of ocean water, the dissociation of gas hydrates, an ice-like compound and the largest reservoir of CH4 on Earth, is expected to occur, resulting in the release of CH4 from the seafloor into the overlying water and atmosphere. Moreover, bottom water hypoxia is another concern that potentially introduces greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. With ongoing global warming and eutrophication, the size and duration of bottom water hypoxia are rapidly increasing. These low-oxygen conditions would relocate the redox zone shallower in sediment or in the water column, causing the release of CH4 into the atmosphere and thereby intensifying global warming. However, there exists a gap in the understanding of CH4 dynamics including its generation in relation to bottom water hypoxia. Therefore, this review article aims to understand the relationship between CH4 and bottom water hypoxia and to draw attention to CH4 investigation in Korea.

메탄은 아주 중요한 온실기체로, 최근 20년간 같은 양의 이산화탄소에 비해 약 85배 높은 온실효과를 갖고 있다. 천연가스 사용 증가와 온난화에 따른 빙권의 해동으로 대기 중 메탄 농도는 빠르게 상승하고 있다. 또한, 현재 진행 중인 해수 온도 상승으로 가스-하이드레이트(얼음-기체 복합체) 붕괴가 전 지구적으로 발생할 것으로 예상되고, 궁극적으로 막대한 양의 메탄이 해수 및 대기로 누출될 것으로 예상된다. 또한, 연안 해양 저산소층 또한 온실기체 생성 대기로 유출시킬 수 있다. 특히, 현재 진행 중인 지구 온난화와 연안 해역 부영양화로 인해, 해저 저산소층은 전 세계적으로 그 크기와 기간이 급격히 늘어나고 있다. 이러한 해저 저산소층은, 산화-환원 대를 퇴적 표층 얕은 지역 또는 해수 내로 이동시켜, 메탄의 대기 용출을 용이하게 하고 궁국적으로 지구 온난화를 가중시킬 수 있다. 하지만, 해저 저산소층과 메탄 발생을 포함한, 메탄 연구는 한국뿐만 아니라, 전 세계적으로 아주 미미한 수준이다. 따라서, 이 리뷰논문은 자연환경 내 메탄의 복잡한 상호작용 이해를 통해, 연안 해저 저산소층 발달과 메탄의 관계를 파악, 나아가 한국 내 메탄 연구 활성화에 기여하는데 목적이 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 부산대학교 기본연구지원사업(2년)에 의하여 연구되었음.

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