The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology (문화기술의 융합)

The International Promotion Agency of Culture Technology (국제문화기술진흥원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on User Experience through Analysis of the Creative Process of Using Image Generative AI: Focusing on User Agency in Creativity

이미지 생성형 AI의 창작 과정 분석을 통한 사용자 경험 연구: 사용자의 창작 주체감을 중심으로

  • 한다은 (연세대학교 정보대학원 UX트랙) ;
  • 최다혜 (연세대학교 정보대학원, LG유플러스 LSR/UX센터) ;
  • 오창훈 (연세대학교 정보대학원 UX트랙)
  • Received : 2023.06.25
  • Accepted : 2023.07.10
  • Published : 2023.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The advent of image generative AI has made it possible for people who are not experts in art and design to create finished artworks through text input. With the increasing availability of generated images and their impact on the art industry, there is a need for research on how users perceive the process of co-creating with AI. In this study, we conducted an experimental study to investigate the expected and experienced processes of image generative AI creation among general users and to find out which processes affect users' sense of creative agency. The results showed that there was a gap between the expected and experienced creative process, and users tended to perceive a low sense of creative agency. We recommend eight ways that AI can act as an enabler to support users' creative intentions so that they can experience a higher sense of creative agency. This study can contribute to the future development of image-generating AI by considering user-centered creative experiences.

이미지 생성형 AI의 등장으로 미술, 디자인 전문가가 아니어도 텍스트 입력을 통해 완성도 높은 그림 작품을 만들 수 있게 되었다. 생성 이미지의 활용 가능성과 예술 산업에 미치는 영향력이 높아짐에 따라 사용자가 AI와 공동 창작하는 과정을 어떻게 인식하는지에 대해 연구 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 일반 사용자들을 대상으로 이미지 생성형 AI 창작에 대한 예상 과정과 체감 과정을 알아보고 어떤 과정이 사용자의 창작 주체감에 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 실험 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과 사용자들이 기대한 창작 과정과 체감한 창작 과정 간 격차가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 창작 주체감은 낮게 인식하는 경향을 보였다. 이에 AI가 사용자의 창작 의도를 지원하는 조력자의 역할로 작용하여 사용자가 높은 창작 주체감을 경험할 수 있도록 8가지 방법을 제언한다. 본 연구를 통해 사용자 중심적인 창작 경험을 고려하여 향후 이미지 생성형 AI의 발전에 기여할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Muller, Michael, et al. "GenAICHI: Generative AI and HCI." CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3503719
  2. Ji Yun Kim, Artificial Intelligence arts, Between creation and infringement, hansungnews, Nov 2022. https://www.hansungnews.com/article/view/1562
  3. Liu, Vivian, and Lydia B. Chilton. "Design guidelines for prompt engineering text-to-image generative models." Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3501825
  4. Liu, Vivian, Han Qiao, and Lydia Chilton. "Opal: Multimodal Image Generation for News Illustration." Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3526113.3545621
  5. Hwang, Angel Hsing-Chi. "Too late to be creative? AI-empowered tools in creative processes." CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. 2022.https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3503549
  6. Jeong Hyun Seok, Da Young Ju, An Analysis of the Perception on AI-Generated Painting and Exploration the Directions of AI Generator, HCI Korea, pp .253-258, Feb 2023
  7. Min-seok Kang, Jong-Woo Joo, A Study on the Creation of Artificial Intelligence(AI) in the Fourth Industrial Revolution -Focused on Artists' Perception-.Journal of Digital Contents Society, pp. 121-130, Jan 2020, DOI : 10.9728/dcs.2020.21.1.121
  8. Jooyun Park, Woo-seung Park, Young June Sah, Evaluating AI's Artworks : Focusing on Mediated Moderating Effect of Mind Attribution. Information Society & Media, pp. 85-112, Apr 2023, DOI : 10.52558/ISM.2023.04.24.1.85
  9. Limerick, Hannah, David Coyle, and James W. Moore. "The experience of agency in human-computer interactions: a review." Frontiers in human neuroscience, Vol. 8, pp. 643, 2014
  10. Editorial team at aiplusinfo, Redefining Art with Generative AI, Artificial Intelligence, Sep 2022. https://www.aiplusinfo.com/blog/redefining-art-with-generative-ai/
  11. Gombrich, Ernst Hans, and E. H. Gombrich. The story of art, London: Phaidon, Vol. 12, pp. 155-159, 1995
  12. Ragot, Martin, Nicolas Martin, and Salome Cojean. "Ai-generated vs. human artworks. a perception bias towards artificial intelligence?." Extended abstracts of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3382892
  13. Paul Glynn, Sony World Photography Award 2023: Winner refuses award after revealing AI creation, bbc, Apr 2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-65296763
  14. Hutchins, Edwin L., James D. Hollan, and Donald A. Norman, Direct manipulation interface, Human-computer interaction 1.4, pp. 311-338, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0104_2
  15. Coyle, David, et al. "I did that! Measuring users' experience of agency in their own actions." Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 2012.https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208350
  16. Legaspi, Roberto, Zhengqi He, and Taro Toyoizumi. "Synthetic agency: sense of agency in artificial intelligence." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 29, pp. 84-9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.04.004
  17. Muller, Michael, Justin D. Weisz, and Werner Geyer. "Mixed initiative generative AI interfaces: An analytic framework for generative AI applications." Proceedings of the Workshop The Future of Co-Creative Systems-A Workshop on Human-Computer Co-Creativity of the 11th International Conference on Computational Creativity, 2020
  18. Grabe, Imke, Miguel Gonzalez Duque, and Jichen Zhu. "Towards a framework for human-ai interaction patterns in co-creative gan applications." Proceeding of the 3rd Workshop on Human-AI Co-Creation with Generative Models (HAI-GEN '22) at ACM IUI Workshops, 2022
  19. Yoon Tecnam, A Pilot Study of English Learners' Perception on Writing Activities using AI-Based DALL-E2, The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology (JCCT), Vol. 9.3, pp. 121-127, 2023
  20. Deterding, Sebastian, et al. "Mixed-initiative creative interfaces. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 628-635. May 2017. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3027072
  21. Jang, Ha-Soo, Study on the Effect of Creative Characteristics of Culture and Arts Organization Workers Regarding Self-efficacy and Business Performance, The International journal of advanced culture technology, Vol. 7.2, pp. 52-59, 2019.