Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: an update overview of virus epidemiology, vaccines, and control strategies in South Korea

  • Guehwan Jang (College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Duri Lee (College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Sangjune Shin (College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Jeonggyo Lim (ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories) ;
  • Hokeun Won (ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories) ;
  • Youngjoon Eo (College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Cheol-Ho Kim (Gyeongnam Veterinary Service Laboratory Quarantine Agency) ;
  • Changhee Lee (College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University)
  • Received : 2023.03.31
  • Accepted : 2023.06.04
  • Published : 2023.07.31
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Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has posed significant financial threats to the domestic pig industry over the last three decades in South Korea. PEDV infection will mostly result in endemic persistence in the affected farrow-to-finish (FTF) herds, leading to endemic porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) followed by year-round recurrent outbreaks. This review aims to encourage collaboration among swine producers, veterinarians, and researchers to offer answers that strengthen our understanding of PEDV in efforts to prevent and control endemic PED and to prepare for the next epidemics or pandemics. We found that collaboratively implementing a PED risk assessment and customized four-pillar-based control measures is vital to interrupt the chain of endemic PED in affected herds: the former can identify on-farm risk factors while the latter aims to compensate for or improve weaknesses via herd immunity stabilization and virus elimination. Under endemic PED, long-term virus survival in slurry and asymptomatically infected gilts ("Trojan Pigs") that can transmit the virus to farrowing houses are key challenges for PEDV eradication in FTF farms and highlight the necessity for active monitoring and surveillance of the virus in herds and their environments. This paper underlines the current knowledge of molecular epidemiology and commercially available vaccines, as well as the risk assessment and customized strategies to control PEDV. The intervention measures for stabilizing herd immunity and eliminating virus circulation may be the cornerstone of establishing regional or national PED eradication programs.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We greatly thank swine veterinarians for providing clinical samples and information on individual farms.

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