Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

The Effect of Social Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Motivation and Intention in Social Enterprises

사회적 기업가정신 및 창업동기가 창업의지에 미치는 영향

  • Chung, Young-Soo (School of Business Administration, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Jung, Chul-Ho (Department of Business Administration, Mokwon University)
  • Received : 2023.05.09
  • Accepted : 2023.06.28
  • Published : 2023.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to empirically identify the influence of social entrepreneurship on the formation of entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intention. In order to effectively achieve the purpose of the study, a research model and hypotheses are developed based on the results of a comprehensive review of relevant prior literature. The research model is set as social entrepreneurship including innovativeness, risk-taking, initiative, and social value orientation as independent variables, and entrepreneurship motivation is divided into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. For the study, data were collected from a total of 114 social enterprise-related prospective entrepreneurs and early start-ups, and a research model and hypotheses analysis are conducted. The results of the empirical analysis are summarized as follows. First, all four components of social entrepreneurship were found to have a positive effect on intrinsic motivation. However, it is found that innovativeness and initiative among the components of social entrepreneurship has a positive effect on extrinsic motivation, whereas risk-taking and social value orientation has no significant effect on extrinsic motivation. Second, all four components of social entrepreneurship were found to have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention. Third, both intrinsic and extrinsic entrepreneurial motivation are found to have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Finally, in the relationship between social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention, both intrinsic and extrinsic entrepreneurial motivation are confirmed to have a positive mediating effect. This study specified the factors of social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship motivation that affect entrepreneurship awareness and behavior targeting social enterprises with differentiated characteristics from existing for-profit enterprises. And through an empirical analysis of the influence relationship between these factors, an attempt was made to derive academic and practical implications.

본 연구는 사회적기업에서 사회적 기업가정신 및 창업동기가 창업의지 형성에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 파악해 보는 것을 주목적으로 하였다. 연구목적의 효과적인 달성을 위해 관련 선행문헌에 대한 종합적 고찰 결과를 토대로 연구 모형 및 가설을 개발하였다. 연구 모형은 사회적기업 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 혁신성, 위험감수성, 진취성, 사회적 가치 지향성을 포함하는 사회적 기업가정신과 내적 동기와 외적 동기로 구성된 창업동기를 설정하였다. 연구를 위해 사회적기업 관련 예비창업자 및 초기창업자 총 114명을 대상으로 자료를 수집했으며, 이를 토대로 연구 모형 및 가설 분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석 결과를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적 기업가정신의 네 가지 구성요소 모두는 내적 동기에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 기업가정신 중 혁신성과 진취성은 외적 동기에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 위험감수성과 사회적 가치 지향성은 외적 동기에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 사회적 기업가정신의 네 가지 구성요소는 모두 창업의지 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 내적, 외적 창업동기 모두는 창업의지에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 사회적 기업가정신이 창업의지에 미치는 영향에 있어 내적, 외적 창업동기는 모두 긍정적인 매개역할을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 기존 영리기업과는 차별화된 특성을 가지는 사회적기업을 대상으로 창업 인식 및 행동에 영향을 미치는 사회적 기업가정신, 창업동기를 구체화했으며, 이들 요인 간의 영향관계에 관한 실증분석을 통해 학문적, 실무적 차원의 시사점 도출을 시도하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 충남대학교 학술연구비에 의해 지원되었음

References

  1. Ajzen, I.(1991). Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  2. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M.(1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  3. Alter, K.(2007). Social Enterprise Typology. Washington: Virtual Ventures.
  4. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W.(1988). Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-step Approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  5. Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei-Skillern, J.(2006). Social and Commercial Entrepreneurship: Same, Different, or Both?. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00107.x
  6. Bae, B. Y.(2021). A Study on the Relationships of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation, Goal Orientation, Entrepreneurial Motivation of Korean College Students. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 16(4), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.16.4.202108.59
  7. Bae, B. Y., & Lee, J. H.(2018). A Study on the Relationships of Regulatory Focus, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurial Motivation and Entrepreneurial Intention of Korean College Students. Journal of the Korea Entrepreneurship, 13(2), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.24878/tkes.2018.13.2.029
  8. Bird, B.(1988). Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453. https://doi.org/10.2307/258091
  9. Brooks, A.(2009). Social Entrepreneurship: A Modern Approach to Social Value Creation. NY: Prentice Hall.
  10. Carsrud, A., & Brannback, M.(2011). Entrepreneurial Motivations: What Do We Still Need to Know?. Journal of Small Business Management, 49, 9-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00312.x
  11. Chang, S. J., & Kim, J. T.(2021). A Study on the Influence of Business Motivation, Social Support, and Awareness of Entrepreneurs on Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Drama Role Model. Journal of Digital Convergence, 19(8), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2021.19.8.021
  12. Chell, E., Nicolopoulou, K., & Karatas-Ozkan, M.(2010). Social Entrepreneurship and Enterprise: International and Innovation Perspectives. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 22(6), 485-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2010.488396
  13. Cho, H. J., & Kim, M. R.(2020). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Personal Characteristics and Social Entrepreneurship on Social Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 15(5), 157-174.
  14. Cho, K. H.(2013). An exploratory study on the factors influencing on social entrepreneurial intention. Journal of the Korea Entrepreneurship, 8(4), 57-83.
  15. Choi, J. S.(2012). An Exploratory Study on the Relationship between Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainability of Social Enterprise in korea. Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Seoul.
  16. Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P.(1991). A Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship as Firm Behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(4), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879101600102
  17. Dollinger, M. J.(1995). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and Resources. IL: Irwin.
  18. Drucker, P. F.(1985). Innovation & Entrepreneurship. Harper: Practice & Principles.
  19. Famous, I., & Okafor, C.(2008). Assessment of the Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Intentions among Academics. Ife PsychologIA: An International Journal of Psychology in Africa, 16(2), 173-193.
  20. Gilad, B., & Levine, P.(1986). A Behavioral Model of Entrepreneurial Supply. Journal of Small Business Management, 24(4), 45-53.
  21. Haigh, N., & Hoffman, A. J.(2014). The New Heretics: Hybrid Organizations and the Challenges They Present to Corporate Sustainability. Organization & Environment, 27(3), 223-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026614545345
  22. Herdjiono, I., Puspa, Y. H., & Maulany, G.(2017). The Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship Intention. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 2(5), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijek-2017-0007
  23. Hong, E. P., & Kim, J. H.(2018). A Study on Factors Affecting the Promotion of Social Entrepreneurship Start-ups. Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 31(1), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.22558/jieb.2018.02.31.1.23
  24. Kabir, S. M., Haque, A., & Sarwar, A.(2017). Factors Affecting the Intention to Become an Entrepreneur: A Study from Bangladeshi Business Graduates' Perspective. International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems, 1(6), 10-19.
  25. Kang, H. Y.(2019). The Impact of Social Identity and Social Alliance on Economic Performance in Social Enterprises. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(3), 47-58.
  26. Kim, D. H., & Jeong, M. G.(2017). The Study on Factors to affect Entrepreneurial Intention to Establish Social Enterprise. The Korean Journal of Public Administration, 26(3), 131-165. https://doi.org/10.22897/KIPAJN.2017.26.3.005
  27. Kim, H. J., & Jeon, I. O.(2017). The Influence of Mediating Effects of Social Capital on Social Entrepreneurship. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 12(5), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.12.5.201710.55
  28. Kim, M. S., & Hunter, J.(1993). Relationships among attitudes, intentions and behavior. Communication Research, 20, 331-364.
  29. Kim, S. H., Bok, K. S., & Park, J. C.(2015). Relationship Among Self-Determination, Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students in Korea. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(5), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.10.5.201510.15
  30. Kim, S. H., & Lee, J. H.(2014). Structural Relationship among Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Motivation and Entrepreneurial Intention in the Public Sector. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 9(6), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.9.6.201412.91
  31. Kim, Y. J., Kwon, Y. G., & Yoon, H. H.(2013). The Influence of Deluxe Hotel Culinary Employees' Personality Traits in Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Journal of Hotel & Resort, 12(2), 353-371.
  32. Kim, Y. T., & Park, J. H.(2013). An Empirical Study on the Affecting Factors of Social Enterprise Entrepreneurial Performance. Korean Business Education Review, 28(2), 303-327.
  33. Krueger, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V.(1994). Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800307
  34. Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L.(2000). Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
  35. Laville, J.(2003). A New European Socioeconomic Perspective. Review of Social Economy, 61(3), 389-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034676032000115831
  36. Lee, B. G., & Jeon, I. O.(2014). The effect of entrepreneurial motivation on the entrepreneurial performance focusing on potential entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs: Mediating role of entrepreneurship. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 9(6), 213-230. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.9.6.201412.213
  37. Lee, Y. T.(2011). A Study On The Relationship Social Entrepreneurship And Performance In Social Enterprises. Journal of Human Resource Management Research, 18(3), 129-150.
  38. Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G.(1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Preformance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172. https://doi.org/10.2307/258632
  39. Moon, N. H., & Kim, M. S.(2016). Development and Validation of the Social Entrepreneurship Scale: An Exploration of Prosociality. Journal of Social Value and Enterprise, 9(2), 3-30.
  40. Moshe, S., & Lerner, M.(2006). Gauging the Success of Social Ventures Initiated by Individual Social Entrepreneurs. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 6-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.004
  41. Noh, K. M., & Shin, H. K.(2015). Relationship between Social Entrepreneurship and Entrepreurial Intention of Social Entrepreneur. Journal of the Korea Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 93-111.
  42. Ok, J. W., & Kang, S. W.(2010). The Study on Ability and Prospect of Social Enterprise Promotion: Focused on Perception of Social Enterprise in Busan. Social Entrepreise Studies, 3(2), 56-75.
  43. Raynolds, P. D., Camp, M. S., Bygrave, W. D., Autio, E., & Hay, M.(2001). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2001 Executive Report. Lontoo & Kansas City: Department of Industrial Engineering and Management.
  44. Ryu, D. W., & Kim, K. G.(2020). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Learning Orientation and Dynamic Capability on International Performance: Moderating Effects of Slack Resource. Korea Trade Review, 45(5), 161-179. https://doi.org/10.22659/KTRA.2020.45.5.161
  45. Schumpeter, J. A.(1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  46. Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K., & Powell, B. C.(2014). Self-efficacy, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Gender: Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education Longitudinally. International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 561-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.09.005
  47. Sullivan Mort, G. M., Weerawardena, J., & Carnegie, K.(2003). Social Entrepreeurship: Towards Conceptualization. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8(1), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.202
  48. Veciana, J. M., Alponte, M., & Urbano, D.(2005). University Student's Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship: A Two Countries Comparison. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-005-1127-5
  49. Weerawardena, J., & Mort, G. S.(2006). Investigating Social Entrepreneurship: A Multidimensional Model. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.001
  50. Yang, J. H.(2015). A Study of the Effect of Entrepreneurial Education on Entrepreneurial Motivation: Focused on Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurship. Journal of Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 16(4), 2564-2572. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.4.2564
  51. Yoo, B. H.(2015). The Effect of Achievement Needs and Entrepreneurship on the Start-up Intention: Focus on Mediation Role of Start-up Motivation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(3), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.10.3.201506.51
  52. Yoon, B. S., & Kim, C. K.(2020). A Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Entrepreneurship on the Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediating Effect of Entrepreneur Education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 15(3), 207-221.
  53. Yoon, H. J.(2015). A Theoretical Review of Research on Entrepreneurial Orientation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(5), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.10.5.201510.45
  54. Yoon, N. S.(2012). The Effect of Potential Entrepreneurial Motivations on Entrepreneurship and Commitment to Starts-up: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship. Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 25(2), 1537-1557.