Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Impact Investment

임팩트 투자 결정요인에 관한 실증연구

  • Goh, Byeong Ki (Department of Technology Entrepreneurship, Dongguk University) ;
  • Kim, Da Hye (Department of Technology Entrepreneurship, Dongguk University) ;
  • Sung, Chang Soo (Department of Technology Entrepreneurship, Dongguk University)
  • 고병기 (동국대학교 기술창업학과) ;
  • 김다혜 (동국대학교 기술창업학과) ;
  • 성창수 (동국대학교 기술창업학과)
  • Received : 2023.03.11
  • Accepted : 2023.04.18
  • Published : 2023.06.30
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Abstract

Impact investment involves investing in companies that pursue both social value and financial returns. It focuses on addressing various social problems through innovative solutions while generating profits. The domestic impact investment ecosystem has experienced significant growth with the support of the government and public institutions. In 2021, it witnessed a 3.5-fold increase over three years, reaching a total of 700 billion won in operating assets. In order to foster qualitative growth alongside this quantitative expansion, it is crucial to conduct research specifically on impact investment, which sets it apart from conventional venture investment. This study aims to empirically analyze the unique factors that influence impact investment decisions. Firstly, the factors affecting investment decisions were identified through a literature analysis. Then, a consultation and Delphi survey involving 11 representatives and evaluators from impact investment companies was conducted to determine the major investment determinants. Subsequently, an AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) survey was carried out with 10 impact investment evaluators to ascertain the relative importance of these factors. The analysis revealed the following order of importance for the top factors: market>entrepreneur(team)>product/service>finance. Furthermore, the importance of specific factors was identified in the following order: market competition and entry barriers>new market creation>market growth and potential expansion>team expertise and capabilities. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on general startup investment factors, this research demonstrates that impact investment places greater emphasis on market-related factors and considers the sustainability and profitability of the business model to be more important than the social impact of social ventures.

임팩트 투자는 사회적 가치와 재무적 이익을 동시에 추구하는 소셜벤처에 대한 투자로, 재무적 수익을 창출하는 동시에 다양한 사회문제를 혁신적으로 해결하는 데 중점을 둔다. 국내 임팩트 투자 생태계는 정부 및 공공기관의 주도 하에 성장하였으며, 2021년 운용자산 기준 총 7,000억원으로 3년만에 3.5배 증가하였다. 이러한 양적 성장과 함께 질적 성장을 견인하기 위하여 벤처투자와 구분되는 임팩트 투자에 대한 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구는 임팩트 투자만의 차별화되는 영향요인을 실증 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 먼저 선행연구 고찰을 통해 투자 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고 임팩트 투자사 대표 및 심사역 11명을 대상으로 델파이 조사를 수행하여 주요 요인을 도출하였다. 이후 임팩트 투자 심사역 10명을 대상으로 AHP 조사를 실시하여 중요도 우선순위를 확인하였다. 상위 요인의 중요도는 시장>창업가(팀)>제품·서비스>재무의 순서로 높게 나타났으며, 세부요인의 중요도는 '시장의 경쟁강도 및 진입장벽>신시장 창출 가능성>시장성장 및 확장 가능성>팀의 전문성 및 역량>제품·서비스의 차별성 및 경쟁력'의 순서로 나타났다. 연구 결과, 선행연구에서 밝힌 벤처투자 결정요인과 다르게 임팩트 투자는 시장 관련 요인을 중요하게 평가하고 특히 투자 결정 시점에서 소셜벤처의 사회적 가치 보다 비즈니스 모델의 지속가능성과 수익을 중요하게 고려한다는 점을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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