DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Research to Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. Isolated from Apple Fruits in Cheongsong, Korea

사과 주 재배지 경북 청송 지역 사과 탄저병원균의 살균제에 대한 감수성 조사

  • Jungyeon Kim (Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University) ;
  • Heung Tae Kim (Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life & Enviromen Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Yongho Jeon (Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University)
  • 김중연 (안동대학교 생명과학대학 식물의학과) ;
  • 김흥태 (충북대학교 농업생명환경대학 식물의학과) ;
  • 전용호 (안동대학교 생명과학대학 식물의학과)
  • Received : 2023.03.02
  • Accepted : 2023.04.19
  • Published : 2023.06.30

Abstract

Apple grower in the Cheongsong region, Korea has reported the increased loss of apple yield due to severe bitter rot incidence. We noticed that this indience is because the Colletotrichum population has developed resistance to commonly used fungicides. We isolated 39 Colletotrichum isolates from 13 orchards in Cheongsong, and all the isolated Colletotrichum species were identified as C. siamense or C. fructicola. These 39 strains were tested for mycelial growth and conidial germination against 12 fungicides. trifloxystrobin (30-55% in recommended concentrations) was shown lower inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. However, the inhibition of conidial germination was shown higher than mycelial growth (62-100%). Kresoxim-methyl was shown lower inhibitory effect on mycelial growth (29-55%). conidial germination inhibitory effect was shown 51% to 96%. dithianon was shown diversity response to inhibition of mycelial growth (43-100%). Tebuconazole was shown high inhibitory effect on mycelial growth (84-100%) and conidial germination inhibitory effect was shown to be 64 to 100%. metconazole has been found to display with high inhibitory effect on mycelial growth (79-100%) and conidial germination (70-80%). fluazinam was shown to possess high inhibitory effect on mycelial growth (87-100%) and conidial germination (94-100%). This study provides basic information for the effective management of apple bitter rot.

2018년, 경상북도 청송군 소재 7개의 읍면리의 13개 사과과원에서 채집한 탄저병 감염 과실로부터 39개 탄저병 균주를 분리한 후 이 균주들을 대상으로 국내에 등록된 12개의 사과 탄저병 살균제에 대한 균자생장 억제, 포자발아 억제율을 조사하여 각각의 살균제에 대한 감수성 정도를 한천희석법을 이용한 실내검정법으로 조사하였다. 살균제 감수성 실내검정 결과 captan, dithanon, fluazinam, metconazole, tebuconazole에서는 저항성 균주가 나타나지 않았으나, trifloxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl 살균제에서는 모든 지역에서 저항성을 보이는 균주가 관찰되었다. 이를 통해 일부 지역에서 살균제의 지속적인 처리로 인하여 균주 집단 내 살균제 내성이 발현되었음을 알 수 있었다. 저항성이 발현된 strobilurin 계통의 살균제를 관리하기 위하여 연용 살포를 하지 말아야 하며, 살포기간에 유용미생물로 인한 대체 살포 등 관리가 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry (IPET) through Crop Viruses and Pests Response Industry Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)(320042-5).

References

  1. Balba, H. 2007. Review of strobilurin fungicide chemicals. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 42: 441-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601230701316465
  2. Bartlett, D. W., Clough, J. M., Godwin, J. R., Hall, A. A., Hamer, M. and Parr-Dobrzanski, B. 2002. The strobilurin fungicides. Pest Manag. Sci. 58: 649-662. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.520
  3. Biggs, A. R. & Miller, S. S. 2001. Relative susceptibility of selected apple cultivars to Colletotrichum acutatum. Plant Dis. 85: 657-660. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.6.657
  4. Chechi, A., Stahlecker, J., Dowling, M. E. and Schnabel, G. 2019. Diversity in species composition and fungicide resistance profiles in Colletotrichum isolates from apples. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 158: 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.04.002
  5. Cheon, W. & Jeon, Y. 2015. Survey of major diseases occurred on apple in northern Gyeongbuk from 2013 to 2014. Res. Plant Dis. 21: 261-267. https://doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2015.21.4.261
  6. Do, J., Min, J., Kim, Y., Park, Y. and Kim, H. T. 2020. Detection of fungicidal activities against Alternaria dauci causing Alternaria leaf spot in carrot and monitoring for the fungicide resistance. Res. Plant Dis. 26: 61-71. (In Korean) https://doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2020.26.2.61
  7. Dowling, M., Peres, N., Villani, S. and Schnabel, G. 2020. Managing Colletotrichum on fruit crops: a "complex" challenge. Plant Dis. 104: 2301-2316. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2378-FE
  8. Forcelini, B. B., Seijo, T. E., Amiri, A. and Peres, N. A. 2016. Resistance in strawberry isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum from Florida to quinone-outside inhibitor fungicides. Plant Dis. 100: 2050-2056. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-16-0118-RE
  9. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. 2022. FRAC classification of fungicides. URL https://www.frac.info [10 December 2022].
  10. Hu, M.-J., Grabke, A., Dowling, M. E., Holstein, H. J. and Schnabel, G. 2015. Resistance in Colletotrichum siamense from peach and blueberry to thiophanate-methyl and azoxystrobin. Plant Dis. 99: 806-814. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-14-1077-RE
  11. Kim, C., Hassan, O., Lee, D. and Chang, T. 2018. First report of anthracnose of apple caused by Colletotrichum fructicola in Korea. Plant Dis. 102: 2653.
  12. Korean Crop Protection Association. 2022. Crop Protection Guidelines. URL https://www.koreacpa.org [10 December 2022].
  13. Lee, K. H., Choi, J., Park, S. and Kim, H. T. 2019. Control effects of several fungicides on jujube anthracnose and fungicide resistance monitoring. Res. Plant Dis. 25: 188-195. (In Korean) https://doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2019.25.4.188
  14. Lee, S. M., Jang, H. S., & Kim, H. T. 2014. In vitro fruit assay for the evaluation of fungicide activity against pepper anthracnose. Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 18: 115-121. (In Korean) https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2014.18.2.115
  15. Martin, P. L., Krawczyk, T., Pierce, K., Thomas, C., Khodadadi, F., Acimovic, S. G. and Peter, K. A. 2022. Fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum species causing bitter rot of apple in the mid-Atlantic U.S.A. Plant Dis. 106: 549-563. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1142-RE
  16. O'Donnell, K. and Cigelnik, E. 1997. Two divergent intragenomic rDNA ITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are nonorthologous. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7: 103-116. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.0376
  17. Oo, M. M., Yoon, H.-Y., Jang, H. A. and Oh, S.-K. 2018. Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with bitter rot disease of apple in South Korea. Plant Pathol. J. 34: 480-489. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.FT.10.2018.0201
  18. Park, M. S., Kim, B.-R., Park, I.-H. and Hahm, S.-S. 2018. First report of two Colletotrichum species associated with bitter rot on apple fruit in Korea-C. fructicola and C. siamense. Mycobiology 46: 154-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2018.1478220
  19. Park, S. and Kim, H. T. 2022. Cross-resistance of Colletotrichum acutatum s. lat. to strobilurin fungicides and inhibitory effect of fungicides with other mechanisms on C. acutatum s. lat. resistant to pyraclostrobin. Res. Plant Dis. 28: 122-131. (In Korean) https://doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2022.28.3.122
  20. Park, S.-J., Lee, S.-M., Gwon, H.-W., Lee, H. and Kim, H. T. 2014. Control efficacy of bordeaux mixture against pepper anthracnose. Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 18: 168-174. (In Korean) https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2014.18.3.168
  21. R Development Core Team. 2009. A language and environment for statistical computing. URL http://www.r-project.org [10 December 2022].
  22. Ritz, C., Baty, F., Streibig, J. C. and Gerhard, D. 2015. Dose-response analysis using R. PLoS ONE 10: e0146021.
  23. Saxena, A., Raghuwanshi, R., Gupta, V. K. and Singh, H. B. 2016. Chili anthracnose: the epidemiology and management. Front. Microbiol. 7: 1527.
  24. Statistics Korea. 2020. Agricultural area survey: area grown for fruit trees. URL https://www.kostat.go.kr [2 March 2023].
  25. Vitoratos, A. G. 2014. Mode of action and genetic analysis of resistance to fluazinam in Ustilago maydis. J. Phytopathol. 162: 737-746. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12254
  26. Wei, L.-L., Chen, W.-C., Zhao, W.-C., Wang, J., Wang, B.-R., Li, F.-J. et al. 2020. Mutations and overexpression of CYP51 associated with DMI-resistance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from chili. Plant Dis. 104: 668-676. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1628-RE
  27. White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. and Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, eds. by M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky and T. J. White, pp. 315-322. Academic Press, New York, USA.
  28. Wickham, H., Chang, W. and Wickham, M. H. 2016. Package 'ggplot2'. Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics. Version 2. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA. 189 pp.