Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회지)

The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development Trends of Reusable Launch Vehicles

재사용 발사체 개발 동향

  • Dongho Yun (Interdisciplinary Program in Space System, Seoul National University) ;
  • Hyeontaek Jo (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Youngbin Yoon (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2022.12.02
  • Accepted : 2023.02.13
  • Published : 2023.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, many launch vehicles have been developed using reuse technology to secure competitiveness in the launch vehicle market. In this paper, to analyze the global development trend of reusable launch vehicles that have been actively developed recently, we investigated reusable launch vehicles that have been developed and are currently under development, and analyzed the development trend of reusable launch vehicles by country. As a result, it was confirmed that a number of reusable launch vehicles used methane as fuel, utilized 3D printing technology, and used vertical landing technology after launch. In order to secure competitiveness in the rapidly changing launch vehicle market, it is considered appropriate to focus research capabilities on the core technologies of reusable launch vehicles identified earlier.

최근 많은 발사체가 재사용 기술을 활용해 개발되어 발사체 시장에서 경쟁력을 확보하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 활발하게 진행되고 있는 재사용 발사체의 세계적 개발 동향을 분석하고자, 개발되어 운용 중이거나 현재 개발 중인 재사용 발사체에 대해 조사하고, 국가별 개발 추세를 정리해 재사용 발사체 개발 동향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 다수의 재사용 발사체가 메탄을 연료로 사용하고, 3D 프린팅 기술을 활용했으며, 발사 후 수직 착륙 기술을 사용했음을 확인했다. 빠르게 변화하는 발사체 시장에서 경쟁력 확보를 위해 앞서 확인한 재사용 발사체 핵심기술에 연구 역량을 집중하는 것이 적절한 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 서울대학교 미래혁신연구원과 연계된 2022년 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로, 한국연구재단 스페이스챌린지사업(2021M1A3B8075809)의 지원과 한국연구재단의 지원(NRF-2021R1A2C2003759), 그리고 서울대학교 항공우주신기술연구소의 지원을 받아 수행된 결과입니다.

References

  1. Tomanek, R. and Hospodka, J. "Reusable Launch Space Systems," MAD-Magazine of Aviation Development, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 10-13, 2018. https://doi.org/10.14311/MAD.2018.02.02
  2. Ragab, M. and Cheatwood, F.M. "Launch Vehicle Recovery and Reuse," AIAA Space 2015 Conference and Exposition. Pasadena, California, p. 4490, Aug. 2015.
  3. Freeman Jr, D.C., Talay, T.A. and Austin, R.E. "Reusable launch vehicle technology program," Acta Astronautica Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 777-790, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-5765(97)00197-5
  4. "Space: Investing in the Final Frontier," retrieved 17 Oct. 2022 from https://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/investing-in-space/.
  5. MSIP, "2020 Survey on the Current Status of Korea Space Industry," 2021.
  6. "https://www.fortunebusinessinsight.com/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  7. "SpaceX says reusable stage could cut prices 30 percent, plans November Falcon Heavy debut," retrieved 30 Oct. 2022 from https://spacenews.com/spacex-says-reusable-stage-could-cut-prices-by-30-plans-first-falcon-heavy-in-november/.
  8. Lee, K.O., Seo, D.B., Lim, B.J., Lee, J.S., Park, J.S., Choi, S.J. and Lee, K.J. "Falcon 9 Type Korean RLV and GTO-LV Mission Design," Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 32-42, 2022. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2022.26.3.032
  9. "Space Shuttle News reference," retrieved 27 Jan. 2023 from https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19810022734/downloads/19810022734.pdf/.
  10. "https://www.blueorigin.com/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  11. "Watch a Blue Origin Rocket Stick its Sixth Consecutive Landing," retrieved 25 Jan. 2023 from https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/watch-a-blue-origin-rocket-stick-its-sixth-consecutive-landing/.
  12. "https://spaceflight101.com/spacerockets/falcon-9-ft/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  13. "https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/falcon-9/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  14. "SpaceX targeting salvo of three Falcon 9 launches this week," retrieved 24 Jan. 2023 from https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-targeting-three-back-to-back-launches-later-this-week/.
  15. "https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/falcon-heavy/." retrieved 27 Oct. 2022.
  16. "https://spaceflight101.com/spacerockets/falcon-heavy/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  17. "https://spaceflight101.com/spacerockets/electron/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  18. "https://www.rocketlabusa.com/about/gallery/." retrieved 27 Oct. 2022.
  19. "China prepares its Long March 8 rocket for second mission," retrieved 27 Oct. 2022 from https://www.space.com/china-long-march-8-rocket-prepares-second-flight/.
  20. "https://www.blueorigin.com/." retrieved 27 Oct. 2022/." retrieved 25 Jan. 2023.
  21. "Blue Origin scraps original recovery ship for New Glenn boosters," retrieved 25 Jan. 2023 from https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-scraps-original-recovery-ship-for-new-glenn-boosters/.
  22. "Blue Origin publishes New Glenn overview as pad and landing ship continue development," retrieved 27 Oct. 2022 from https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/11/blue-origin-new-glenn-overview-pad-landing-ship-dev/.
  23. "https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship/." retrieved 27 Oct. 2022.
  24. "https://www.space.com/32286-space-calendar.html/." retrieved 25 Jan. 2023.
  25. "SpaceX moves a massive rocket with 33 engines to its launch pad for tests," retrieved 17 Oct. 2022 from https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/06/spacex-making-progress-toward-orbital-starship-test-flight-later-this-year/.
  26. "https://www.ulalaunch.com/rockets/vulcan-centaur/." retrieved 27 Oct. 2022.
  27. "ULA to fly Vulcan technology on Atlas 5 to gain flight heritage," retrieved 27 Oct. 2022 from https://spacenews.com/ula-to-fly-vulcan-technology-on-atlas-5-to-gain-flight-heritage/.
  28. "https://www.rocketlabusa.com/launch/neutron/." retrieved 13 Oct. 2022.
  29. "Rocket Lab updates Neutron design," retrieved 25 Jan. 2023 from https://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-updates-neutron-design/.
  30. "https://www.relativityspace.com/rockets/." retrieved 27 Oct. 2022.
  31. Relativity Terran 1 Payload User's Guide Version 2.0, Aug. 2020.
  32. "This 3D-printed rocket is heading into space in 2022," retrieved 13 Oct. 2022 from https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2021/10/20/this-3d-printed-rocket-is-heading-into-space-in-2022/.
  33. "https://www.landspace.com/index.html/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  34. "https://twitter.com/AJ_FI/status/1602975302501662720/." retrieved 25 Jan. 2023.
  35. "http://www.calt.com/n482/n498/c14640/content.html/." retrieved 25 Jan. 2023.
  36. "https://www.nsr.com/research/smallsatellite-markets-5th-edition/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  37. "http://www.i-space.com.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=4/." retrieved 25 Jan. 2023.
  38. "New launch vehicles set for test flights from China's Jiuquan spaceport," retrieved 25 Jan. 2023 from https://spacenews.com/new-launch-vehicles-set-for-test-flights-from-chinas-jiuquan-spaceport/.
  39. "https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1167551.shtml/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  40. "http://linkspace.com.cn/srv.html/." retrieved 14 Oct. 2022.
  41. "http://linkspace.com.cn/newline.html/." retrieved 17 Oct. 2022.
  42. "https://www.galactic-energy.cn/index.php/En/List/cid/15/." retrieved 25 Jan. 2023.
  43. "China's Galactic Energy raises $200 $200 million for reusable launch vehicle development," retrieved 14 Oct. 2022 from https://spacenews.com/chinas-galactic-energy-raises-200-million-for-reusable-launch-vehicle-development/.
  44. "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz-7_(rocket_family)/." retrieved 25 Jan. 2023.
  45. "Russia planning to go reusable in 2026 with new Amur rocket," retrieved 14 Oct. 2022 from https://www.space.com/russia-announces-reusable-rocket-amur.
  46. de Mirand, A.P., Bahu, J.-M. and Gogdet, O. "Ariane Next, a vision for the next generation of Ariane Launchers," Acta Astronautica Vol. 170, pp. 735-749, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.02.003
  47. "https://europeanspaceflight.com/european-rocket-propulsion-index/." retrieved 25 Jan. 2023.
  48. "https://pangeaaerospace.com/technology/." retrieved 14 Oct. 2022.
  49. "https://www.clien.net/service/board/news/17243139/." retrieved 17 Oct. 2022.
  50. "China rolls out Long March 8 rocket for weekend test flight," retrieved 14 Oct. 2022 from https://spacenews.com/china-rolls-out-long-march-8-rocket-for-weekend-test-flight/.
  51. "ULA chief explains reusability and innovation of new rocket," retrieved 13 Oct. 2022 from https://spaceflightnow.com/2015/04/14/ula-chief-explains-reusability-and-innovation-of-new-rocket/.
  52. "China displays crewed moon landing mission elements," retrieved 27 Oct. 2022 from https://spacenews.com/china-displays-crewed-moon-landing-mission-elements/.
  53. "https://www.nsr.com/research/smallsatellite-markets-5th-edition/." retrieved 28 Oct. 2022.
  54. Jeong, S., Bae, J., Jeong, G., Koo, J. and Yoon, Y. "Development Trend of the Reusable Space Launch Vehicle," Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences Vol. 45, No. 12, pp. 1069-1075, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5139/JKSAS.2017.45.12.1069
  55. Kim, C., Cho, G. and Roh, W. "Development of Reusable Launch System in the U.S.," Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 84-96, 2019.
  56. Kim, C. T., Yang, I., Lee, K. and Lee, Y. "Technology Development Prospects and Direction of Reusable Launch Vehicles and Future Propulsion Systems," Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 686-694, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5139/JKSAS.2016.44.8.686
  57. Lee, K.-O., Lee, J., Park, S.-Y., Roh, W.-R., Im, S.-H., Nam, G.-W. and Seo, D. "Korean Reusable Launch Vehicle Development Strategy Using SpaceX's Strategy," Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 101-112, 2021. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2021.25.3.101
  58. Lim, B., Kim, C., Lee, K.-O., Lee, K., Park, J., Ahn, K., Namkoung, H.-J. and Yoon, Y. "Development Trends of Liquid Methane Rocket Engine and Implications," Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 119-143, 2021. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2021.25.2.119
  59. Choo, K., Mun, H., Nam, S., Cha, J. and Ko, S. "A Survey on Recovery Technology for Reusable Space Launch Vehicle," Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 138-151, 2018. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2018.22.2.138
  60. Bae, J., Koo, J. and Yoon, Y. "Development Trend of Low Cost Space Launch Vehicle and Consideration of Next Generation Fuel," Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 855-862, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5139/JKSAS.2017.45.10.855
  61. Burkhardt, H., Sippel, M., Herbertz, A. and Klevanski, J. "Kerosene vs. Methane: A Propellant Tradeoff for Reusable Liquid Booster Stages," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 762-769, 2004. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.2672
  62. Choi, J., Huh, H. and Ki, W. "Technology and Development Trends of Small Launch Vehicles," Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 91-102, 2020. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2020.24.5.091