Journal of fish pathology (한국어병학회지)

The Korean Society of Fish Pathology (한국어병학회)
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Efficacy of dietary propolis and its nanoparticles on immune-response, stress indicators, and prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Oreochromis niloticus

  • Fatma M. M. Korni (Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University) ;
  • Asmaa N. Mohammed (Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University) ;
  • Usama K. Moawad (Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University) ;
  • Nour El-Houda y. Hassan (Department of Forensic medicine and toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University) ;
  • Ahmed Farghali (Departement of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University) ;
  • Rehab K. Mahmoud (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University)
  • Received : 2023.01.15
  • Accepted : 2023.04.08
  • Published : 2023.06.30
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Abstract

Nanotechnology seeks to improve material effectiveness to have a greater impact on medicine. The current study was performed to determine how effective dietary propolis (PR) and propolis nanoparticles (PR-NPs) were at improving immune and anti-oxidant status, lowering cortisol levels as stress indicators, and preventing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in O. niloticus. Histopathology was carried out. Fish (N = 516, 25 ± 2g) were fed basal diets supplemented with 1 gm PR/kg, 2 gm PR/kg, 1 gm PR-NPs/kg, 2 gm PR-NPs/kg feed and control diet for 28 days. When compared to the control, interlukin-1, IgM, complement 5, and levels of lysozyme were dramatically higher in PR and PR-NPs fed-groups. Antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels were higher in fish fed PR and PR-NPs, but malondialdehyde levels were lower. Cortisol levels decreased in feeding groups compared to the control. When compared to O. niloticus group fed 1 gm PR/kg and the positive control, propolis nanoparticles successfully prevented P. aeruginosa infection and the mortality rate was zero. When compared to the negative control, the positive control group's histopathological findings revealed severe histopathological changes. In low and high groups fed PR-NPS, normal structures were observed as well as high concentrations of PR after being injected with P. aeruginosa. The group that was fed low concentrations of PR after being injected with P. aeruginosa showed only minor histopathological changes. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of PR or PR-NPs may have a beneficial effect on aquaculture, with PR-NPs having a superior effect.

Keywords

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