벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)

  • 제18권2호
  • /
  • Pages.113-126
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 1975-7557(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2671-9509(eISSN)
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)
권호 표지

제조업 중소기업의 기업가정신이 조직유효성에 미치는 영향: 기술혁신을 매개효과로

The Effect of Entrepreneurship on Organizational Effectiveness in Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Companies: The Mediating Effect of Technological Innovation

  • 양승권 (대전대학교 융합컨설팅학과) ;
  • 현병환 (대전대학교 융합컨설팅학과)
  • 투고 : 2023.03.09
  • 심사 : 2023.04.18
  • 발행 : 2023.04.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 제조업 중소기업 종사자의 기업가정신이 기술혁신을 매개로 조직유효성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해, 가설을 총 2가지로 구성하여 검증하였다. 가설 검정 결과로는 첫째, 기업가정신의 구성요소 중 혁신성은 조직몰입에는 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 진취성과 위험감수성은 직무만족과 조직몰입 모두에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 공정혁신은 혁신성과 직무만족 간의 관계와 진취성과 직무만족 간의 관계 그리고 진취성과 조직몰입 간의 관계에서 모두 매개역할을 하였다. 다만, 제품혁신은 기업가정신과 조직유효성의 관계를 매개하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 제조업 중소기업의 조직유효성에 영향을 주는 선행요인들을 확인하여 학문적·실무적 시사점을 제공한다. 학문적 관점에서 살펴보면, 업종별 구분이 없거나 IT업, 호텔업, 서비스업, 관광업 등의 업종을 주로 표본 대상으로 선정하여 연구한 선행연구와는 다르게, 본 연구는 제조업 중소기업을 표본으로 기업가정신이 기술혁신을 매개로 조직유효성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구 결과를 제공하였다. 또한, 실무적인 관점에서 제조업 중소기업이 종사자의 직무만족과 조직몰입을 개선하기 위해서는 종사자의 진취성, 혁신성과 공정혁신 역량의 향상을 위한 노력이 필요하다.

In this study, a total of two hypotheses were established and tested to find out how entrepreneurship in manufacturing SMEs affects organizational effectiveness through technological innovation. The key results of this paper are as follows. First, it was confirmed that innovativeness, a component of entrepreneurship, did not affect organizational commitment, but it did affect job satisfaction. On the other hand, it was confirmed that proactiveness and risk-taking did not affect both job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Second, process innovation played a mediating role in the relationship between innovativeness and job satisfaction, proactiveness and job satisfaction, and proactiveness and organizational commitment. However, it was confirmed that product innovation did not play a mediating role at all in the relationship between the components of entrepreneurship and the components of organizational effectiveness. This study provided academic and practical implications by identifying the antecedent factors that affect the organizational effectiveness of manufacturing SMEs. From an academic point of view, previous studies did not differentiate by industry or mainly selected and studied sample subjects from industries such as IT, hotel, service, and tourism. However, this study investigated how entrepreneurship affects organizational effectiveness through technological innovation targeting manufacturing SMEs, and provides the research results. In addition, from a practical point of view, manufacturing SMEs need to make efforts to improve workers' proactiveness, innovativeness, and process innovation capabilities in order to improve workers' job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ancona, D., & Caldwell, D.(1987). Management issues facing new product teams in high technology companies. Advances in industrial and labor relations, 4(191), 221.
  2. Boswell, W. R., Boudreau, J. W., & Tichy, J.(2005). The Relationship between Employee Job Change and Job Satisfaction: The Honeymoon-Hangover Effect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 882.
  3. Bulut, C., & Yilmaz, C.(2008). Innovative performance impacts of corporate entrepreneurship: An empirical research in Turkey. Proceedings of Academy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Conference, 1(0), 414-417.
  4. Chang, S. K., Jeong, G. Y., & Jang, Y. J.(2017). A Study on the Effect of Organizational Culture of Beauty Business on Organizational Effectiveness through Learning Orientation: Focus on 'J' Affiliates. Academic Society of Global Business Administration, 14(6), 73-102. https://doi.org/10.38115/asgba.2017.14.6.73
  5. Cho, C., Kim, B., & Oh, S.(2022). Effects of the entrepreneurial strategic orientation of social enterprises on organizational effectiveness: Case of South Korea. Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 19.
  6. Choi, S. B., & Kim. G. D.(2012). A Study on the Relationship among Organizational Culture, Cooperative Industrial Relations and Organizational Performance: Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Supports. Korean Journal of Business, 25(3), 1675-1701.
  7. Choi, Y. J., Son, J. H., & Park, M. I.(2020). The Effect of Social Entrepreneurship of Social Service Institution Managers on Job Satisfaction: Focusing on Mediating Effect According to Network. Social Welfare Policy and Practice, 6(3), 159-194. https://doi.org/10.37342/swpp.2020.6.3.159
  8. Dalton, D. R., Todor, W. D., Spendolini, M. J., Fielding, G. J., & Porter, L. W.(1980). Organization Structure and Performance: A Critical Review. Academy of Management Review, 5(1), 49-64.
  9. Damanpour, F., & Evan, W. M.(1984). Organizational innovation and performance: the problem of organizational lag. Administrative science quarterly, 392-409.
  10. Dess, G. G., & Lumpkin, G. T.(2005). The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Stimulating Effective Corporate Entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Executive, 19(1), 147-156.
  11. Drucker, P.(1985). Entrepreneurship and innovation: Practice and principles. New York: Harper Business.
  12. Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B.(1992). A primer for soft modeling. OHIO: University of Akron Press.
  13. Frishammar, J., & Horte, S. A.(2007). The role of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation for new product development performance in manufacturing firms. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 19(6), 765-788. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320701711231
  14. Garcia-Lopera, F., Santos-Jaen, J. M., Palacios-Manzano, M., & Ruiz-Palomo, D.(2022). Exploring the effect of professionalization, risk-taking and technological innovation on business performance. Plos one, 17(2), e0263694.
  15. Gonzalez-Benito, O., Gonzalez-Benito, J., & Munoz-Gallego, P. A.(2009). Role of entrepreneurship and market orientation in firms' success. European Journal of Marketing, 43(3/4), 500-522. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560910935550
  16. Han, S. J., & Song, D. S.(2021). The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Managerial Innovation Capability and Business Performance: Focusing on SMEs. The Journal of International Trade & Commerce, 17(2), 501-519.
  17. Iqbal, S., Moleiro Martins, J., Nuno Mata, M., Naz, S., Akhtar, S., & Abreu, A.(2021). Linking entrepreneurial orientation with innovation performance in SMEs; the role of organizational commitment and transformational leadership using smart PLS-SEM. Sustainability, 13(8), 4361.
  18. Jang, M. G.(2019). The Influence of Entrepreneurship and Startups' Competences on Competitive Advantage and Startups' Performance. The journal of professional management, 22(1), 207-228.
  19. Jeon, I. O.(2017). The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Corporate Performance: Focusing on the Effects of Technological Innovation and Marketing Competence. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 87-105. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.12.3.201706.87
  20. Kim, B. Y., & Cho, W. J.(2022). A Study of the Servant Leadership of the Cabin Crew on the Impact of Trust in Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness. Korean Journal of Tourism Research, 37(7), 23-45.
  21. Kim, D. K., Han, J. W., & Beak, S. W.(2020). The Relationship between Youth Sports Club Manager's Entrepreneurship and Organizational Performance: The Mediating Effect of Collective Effectiveness and the Moderating Effect of Organizational Commitment. Korean journal of physical education, 59(1), 177-190.
  22. Kim, J. H., & Im, J. H.(2019). The Effect of Entrepreneurship on the Job Performance of Small Businesses: Focused on Mediating Effects of Job Satisfaction & Moderating Effects of Managers/Worker Status. Korea Journal of Business Administration, 32(7), 1181-1197.
  23. Kim, T. H., Lee, J. G., & Seo, I. H.(2021). The Effect of Sports Club Manager"s Entrepreneurship on Organizational Fairness, Organizational Commitment, and Innovation Behavior of Sports Facility Workers. International Journal of Human Movement Science, 30(1), 527-540.
  24. Kittikunchotiwut, P.(2020). The roles of organizational learning capability and firm innovation in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 651-661. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO10.651
  25. Knight, K.(1997). A Descriptive Model of the Intra-Firm Innovation Process. Journal of Business, 40(4), 478-496. https://doi.org/10.1086/295013
  26. Ko, K. S., & Nam, J. M.(2020). The Causal The effect of individual entrepreneurship on job satisfaction and turnover intention: the moderation effect of organizational entrepreneurship. The Journal of Korean Career.Entrepreneurship & Business Association, 4(1), 51-70. https://doi.org/10.48206/kceba.2020.4.1.51
  27. Ko, J. N., Do, M. S., Kwon, J. H., & Kim, Y. S.(2012). The Influence of Corporate Entrepreneurship on organizational effectiveness Mediated by Technology Innovation: Focusing on the Innovative Small and Medium Enterprises. Korean Business Education Review, 27(2), 477-502.
  28. Ku, E. H.(2007). Determinants of Entrepreneurship and Growth of Venture Business. Doctoral Dissertation, Yeungnam University, DAEGU.
  29. Kim, K. M., & Park, J. S.(2016). The Effect of Entrepreneurship and Market-orientation on the Performance of Medium and Small-sized Enterprise. International Journal of Contents, 16(10), 326-337.
  30. Langerak, F., Hultink, E. J., & Robben, H. S. J.(2004). The Impact of Market Orientation, Product Advantage, and Launch Proficiency on New Product Performance and Organizational Performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(2), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-6782.2004.00059.x
  31. Lee, H. R., Park, S. G., & Kwon, N. K.(2005). A Study on the Effect of Learning Orientation of Hotel Business on Organizational Effectiveness. Korean Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 14(3), 215-236.
  32. Lee, J. H., & Park, D. H.(2022). The effect of the entrepreneurship of fitness center managers on employees' organizational commitment, customer orientation, and management performance. The Korean Journal of Growth and Development, 30(1), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.34284/KJGD.2022.02.30.1.163
  33. Lee, S. J., Li, L. N., & Won, C. S.(2016). The Effects of Safety Awareness on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment. Regional industry review, 39(1), 103-122.
  34. Lee, S. W., Shin, J. K., & Yeo, K. H.(2021). The Effect of Entrepreneurship on the Financial Performance of SMEs: The Mediating Effect of Technology Innovation and the Moderating Effect of Marketing Competency. Journal of Business Research, 36(3), 181-196. https://doi.org/10.22903/JBR.2021.36.3.181
  35. Lee, S. G., Hwang, J. H., & Kim, Y. T.(2019). Corporate Entrepreneurship of Employees in the Service Business Contacts Impact on Cognitive Performance: Organizational Effectiveness Focused on Mediated Effects. Journal of the Korea Service Management Society, 20(3), 122-148.
  36. Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess. G. G.(1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 2(l), 135-172. https://doi.org/10.2307/258632
  37. Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L.(2002). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20-52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
  38. Miller, D.(1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management science, 29(7), 770-791. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
  39. Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H.(1978). Archetypes of strategy formulation. Management science, 24(9), 921-933 https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.24.9.921
  40. Min, S. R., & Park, H. J.(2022). Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Organizational Immersion, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention: A Study on Hotel Enterprises. Journal of Tourism Enhancement, 10(3), 23-45.
  41. Moreira, A. C., & Silva, P. M.(2013). Market Orientation, Innovation and Organizational Commitment in industrial Firms. Market-Trziste, 25(2), 123-142.
  42. OECD(2018). Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for collecting, reporting and using data on innovation, The measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities, 4th Edition. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Eurostat.
  43. Park, K. S., & Chang, C. G.(2017). The Effects of Beauticians' Exhaustion on Customer Orientation and Organizational Effectiveness. THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN SOCIETY OF DESIGN CULTURE, 23(2), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.18208/ksdc.2017.23.2.221
  44. Park, Y. P.(2015). Research on the Effects of R&D Capability, Manufacturing Capability, Market Orientation, and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Technology Innovation. Doctoral Dissertation, Hanyang University, SEOUL.
  45. Qu, M., Kim, K. S., & Choi, S. J.(2014). A Study on the Effects of Leaders' Emotional Intelligence on Followers' Leader Trust, Organizational Commitment, and Job Performance. Korea Corporation Management Review, 21(6), 249-273.
  46. Roh, D. H., Park, H. Y., & Chang, S. G.(2018). A Study on the Effects of Entrepreneurship and Innovative Competence on Firm's Performance in Korean ICT SMEs: Focusing on Moderating Effect of Social Capital. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 13(4), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.13.4.201808.217
  47. Santos-Vijande, M. L., Lopez-Sanchez, J. A., Loredo, E., Rudd, J., & Lopez-Mielgo, N.(2022). Role of innovation and architectural marketing capabilities in channelling entrepreneurship into performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(2), 100174.
  48. Sexton, D. R., & Bowman, N. B.(1986). Validation of Personality Index: Comparative Psychological Characteristic Analysis of Female Entrepreneurs, Managers, Entrepreneurship Students, and Business Students. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 40-51.
  49. Shin, G. K.(2018). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0, SPSS, G*Power.G*Power. SEOUL: Chung Ram.
  50. Shin, Y. J., & Kim, Y. J.(2021). A Study on the Effect of Technical Innovation and Market Orientation on the Corporate Performance and Moderating Effect of Leadership. Korean Journal of Business, 34(9), 1661-1699.
  51. Shin, Y. J., Joo, H. Y., & Yang, J. H.(2020). A Study on the Monitoring Technique for MusculoskeletalSafety Management and Implementation of the System. Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology, 13(3), 267-276.
  52. Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N.(2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
  53. Son, E. J.(2006). Effects of Product and Process Innovation on the Competitive Performance of Firms. Doctoral Dissertation, Daegu University, DAEGU.
  54. Song, J. G.(2011). An Empirical Study on the Relationship of entrepreneurship and innovation performance for venture business: focusing on the mediation social capital. Doctoral Dissertation, Hoseo University, CHOONGNAM.
  55. Soomro, B. A., & Shah, N.(2019). Determining the impact of entrepreneurial orientation and organizational culture on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employee's performance. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 8(3), 266-282.
  56. Steers, R. M.(1975). Problems in the Measurement of Organizational Effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 20(4), 546-558. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392022
  57. Sung, T. K.(2006). The Determinants of Firm's Innovative Activity: A Comparison of Manufacturing and Service Firms in Korea. Journal of Business Research, 21(0), 283-304.
  58. Yun, S. H.(1995). A Study on Relationships Between Environment, Organizational Structure, and Organizational Effectiveness of Public Health Centers in Korea. The Journal of Korean Community Nursing, 6(1), 5-33.
  59. Zahra, S. A., & Bonger, W. C.(2000). Technology strategy and software new ventures' performance: A study of corporate-sponsored and independent biotechnology ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(2), 135-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00009-3