IMMUNE NETWORK

  • 제23권1호
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  • Pages.7.1-7.27
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  • 2023
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  • 1598-2629(pISSN)
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  • 2092-6685(eISSN)
대한면역학회 (The Korean Association of Immunobiologists)
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Microbial Components and Effector Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation and Function

  • Changhon Lee (Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)) ;
  • Haena Lee (Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)) ;
  • John Chulhoon Park (Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)) ;
  • Sin-Hyeog Im (Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH))
  • 투고 : 2022.12.20
  • 심사 : 2023.02.12
  • 발행 : 2023.02.28
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초록

The mammalian intestines harbor trillions of commensal microorganisms composed of thousands of species that are collectively called gut microbiota. Among the microbiota, bacteria are the predominant microorganism, with viruses, protozoa, and fungi (mycobiota) making up a relatively smaller population. The microbial communities play fundamental roles in the maturation and orchestration of the immune landscape in health and disease. Primarily, the gut microbiota modulates the immune system to maintain homeostasis and plays a crucial role in regulating the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of inflammatory, neuronal, and metabolic disorders. The microbiota modulates the host immune system through direct interactions with immune cells or indirect mechanisms such as producing short-chain acids and diverse metabolites. Numerous researchers have put extensive efforts into investigating the role of microbes in immune regulation, discovering novel immunomodulatory microbial species, identifying key effector molecules, and demonstrating how microbes and their key effector molecules mechanistically impact the host immune system. Consequently, recent studies suggest that several microbial species and their immunomodulatory molecules have therapeutic applicability in preclinical settings of multiple disorders. Nonetheless, it is still unclear why and how a handful of microorganisms and their key molecules affect the host immunity in diverse diseases. This review mainly discusses the role of microbes and their metabolites in T helper cell differentiation, immunomodulatory function, and their modes of action.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by Korea Initiative for fostering University of Research and Innovation Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government (MIST) (No.2020M3H1A1075314). In addition, this work was supported by Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program of National Research Foundation (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (No. 2019H1A2A1077129). This research was also supported by Korea Basic Science Institute (National research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education in using diverse instruments.

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