Journal of Technology Innovation (기술혁신연구)

Korea Society for Innovation Managemetn & Economics (기술경영경제학회)
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The Evolution of Innovation Theory: From Schumpeter to Transition Theory

기술혁신이론의 진화: 슘페터에서 전환이론까지

  • 정선양 (건국대학교 기술경영학과) ;
  • 정지윤 (숭실대학교 글로벌통상학과 )
  • Received : 2022.12.13
  • Accepted : 2023.06.26
  • Published : 2023.08.31
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Abstract

This paper aims at discussing the evolution of innovation theory from the beginning of the last century to present. Innovation theory has begun by Joseph Schumpeter in the beginning of the last century and his theory had not attained much attention compared to the mainstream economic theory. In the 1960s, some neo-classical economists analyzed the effect of technological change on economic growth and emphasized the role of demand in innovation process. However, in the beginning of the 1970s, Schumpeter's innovation theory, which emphasized the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in economic and social development, attained enormous attention by many liberal economists. They were called neo-Schumpeterians as they followed the theories and ideas of Schumpeter. In the middle of the 1980s, neo-Schumpeterians identified the concept of national innovation system(NIS), which is the total mobilization system of innovation resources for generating, appropriating and diffusing technological innovations. Soon this theory diffused very quickly at regional and sectoral level. As a result, there have been very active empirical studies on innovation systems in the world. Since the beginning of the 2000s the transition study have been actively carried out mainly in European countries. This study emphasizes the transition of existing innovation systems into more sustainable ones. In Korea we need to activate transition study, because there have been only few studies in this new theory.

본 논문은 지난 세기 초부터 시작된 기술혁신이론의 진화를 분석한다. 기술혁신이론은 지난 세기 초 Joseph Schumpeter에 의해 시작되었으나 그의 이론은 주류경제학에 밀려 큰 각광을 받지 못하였다. 1960년대에 들어서 일부 신고전학파 경제학자들이 기술혁신이 경제발전에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 1970년대 초 사회경제의 발전에 있어서 기술혁신과 기업가 정신을 강조한 슘페터의 이론이 새로운 조명을 받았고, 이 시기 그의 이론을 추종하는 학자들을 '신슘페터주의자라'고 부른다. 이들은 1980년대에 들어 기술혁신의 창출, 활용, 확산에 있어서 한 국가 혁신자원의 총동원체제인 '국가혁신체제'의 개념을 창출하였고 이 개념은 빠르게 확산되어 실제로 전 세계적으로 혁신체제에 관한 많은 실증적 연구가 진행되었다. 2000년대 들어 유럽의 학자들을 중심으로 혁신체제의 지속가능한 체제로의 전환에 주안점을 두는 '전환이론'이 활발하게 진행되어 오고 있다. 그러나 우리나라는 이에 관한 연구가 부족하다는 점에서 이 새로운 기술혁신연구의 활성화가 매우 필요하다.

Keywords

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