Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

  • 제51권1호
  • /
  • Pages.23-37
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 1017-0715(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2233-7180(eISSN)
한국목재공학회 (The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Bio Pellets from Spent Coffee Grounds and Pinewood Charcoal Based on Composition and Grinding Method

  • 투고 : 2022.08.24
  • 심사 : 2022.12.14
  • 발행 : 2023.01.25
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

One type of biomass that has promising potential for bio pellet production is spent coffee grounds (SCGs). However, previous studies have shown that SCGs in bio pellets cause a lot of smoke. Therefore, they need to be mixed with a material that has a higher calorific value to produce better quality pellets. One material that can be used is pine wood because it has a natural resin content that can increase the calorific value. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of bio pellets produced with SCGs and pine wood charcoal at different particle sizes. The charcoal was ground using either a hammer mill (HM) or a ball mill (BM). Pine wood charcoal was mixed with SCGs at ratios of SCGs to pine wood charcoal of 4:6 and 6:4 by weight, respectively, and the adhesive used a tapioca with a composition ratio 5% of the raw material. The bio pellets were produced using a manual pellet press. The quality of the bio pellets was assessed based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8021-2014, and the physical observations include flame length, burning rate, and compressive strength. The average water content, ash content, and calorific value of the bio pellets were in accordance with SNI 8021-2014, but the density and ash content values were below the standard values. The BM variation of bio pellets had a higher compressive strength than the HM variation, and the 4:6 BM variation had the longest burning time compared with 4:6 HM.

키워드

과제정보

The authors would like to thank the anonymous re- viewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper. The work was supported by Tanoto Foundation, 2021.

참고문헌

  1. Afif Almu, M., Syahrul, S., Padang, Y.A. 2014. Analisa nilai kalor dan laju pembakaran pada briket campuran biji nyamplung (Calophyllm inophyllum) dan abu sekam padi. Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin 4(2): 117-122. https://doi.org/10.29303/d.v4i2.61
  2. Ahn, K.S., Pang, S.J., Oh, J.K. 2021. Prediction of withdrawal resistance of single screw on Korean wood products. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 49(1): 93-102. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2021.49.1.93
  3. Ajimotokan, H.A., Ehindero, A.O., Ajao, K.S., Adeleke, A.A., Ikubanni, P.P., Shuaib-Babata, Y.L. 2019. Combustion characteristics of fuel briquettes made from charcoal particles and sawdust agglomerates. Scientific African 6: e00202.
  4. Ashar, M., Sahara, S., Hernawati, H. 2020. Pengaruh komposisi dan ukuran partikel terhadap kualitas briket kulit durian dan tempurung kelapa. Jurnal Fisika dan Terapannya 7(1): 33-43. https://doi.org/10.24252/jft.v7i1.13964
  5. Atabani, A.E., Mercimek, S.M., Arvindnarayan, S., Shobana, S., Kumar, G., Cadir, M., Al-Muhatseb, A.H. 2018. Valorization of spent coffee grounds recycling as a potential alternative fuel resource in Turkey: An experimental study. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 68(3): 196-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2017.1367738
  6. Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2014. Pelet Kayu. SNI 8021:2014. Badan Standardisasi Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia.
  7. Brunerova, A., Muller, M., Sleger, V., Ambarita, H., Valasek, P. 2018. Bio-pellet fuel from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB): Using European standards for quality testing. Sustainability 10(12): 4443.
  8. Brunet-Navarro, P., Jochheim, H., Kroiher, F., Muys, B. 2018. Effect of cascade use on the carbon balance of the German and European wood sectors. Journal of Cleaner Production 170: 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.135
  9. Budiawan, L., Hendrawan, Y., Susilo, B. 2014. Pembuatan dan karakterisasi briket bioarang dengan variasi komposisi kulit kopi. Jurnal Bioproses Komoditas Tropis 2(2): 152-160.
  10. Colantoni, A., Paris, E., Bianchini, L., Ferri, S., Marcantonio, V., Carnevale, M., Palma, A., Civitarese, V., Gallucci, F. 2021. Spent coffee ground characterization, pelletization test and emissions assessment in the combustion process. Scientific Reports 11(1): 5119.
  11. Cubero-Abarca, R., Moya, R., Valaret, J., Tomazello Filho, M. 2014. Use of coffee (Coffea arabica) pulp for the production of briquettes and pellets for heat generation. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia 38(5): 461-470. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542014000500005
  12. Damayanti, R., Lusiana, N., Prasetyo, J. 2017. Studi pengaruh ukuran partikel dan penambahan perekat tapioka terhadap karakteristik biopelet dari kulit coklat (Theobroma cacao L.) sebagai bahan bakar alternatif terbarukan. Teknotak: Jurnal Industri Teknologi Pertanian 11(1): 51-60. https://doi.org/10.24198/jt.vol11n1.6
  13. Fasina, O.O. 2008. Physical properties of peanut hull pellets. Bioresource Technology 99(5): 1259-1266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.041
  14. Fikri, E., Sartika, C. 2018. Study on the use and composition of bio-charcoal briquettes made of organic waste. Journal of Ecological Engineering 19(2): 81-88. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/81782
  15. Ghani, R.S.M., Lee, M.D. 2021. Challenges of wood modification process for plantation eucalyptus: A review of Australian setting. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 49(2): 191-209. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2021.49.2.191
  16. Hadi, Y.S., Herliyana, E.N., Pari, G., Pari, R., Abdillah, I.B. 2022. Furfurylation effects on discoloration and physical-mechanical properties of wood from tropical plantation forests. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 50(1): 46-58. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2022.50.1.46
  17. Han, Y., Lee, S.M. 2021. Investigation on the awareness and preference for wood to promote the value of wood: II. Awareness of wood cultural resources. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 49(6): 643-657. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2021.49.6.643
  18. Hendra, D. 2012. Rekayasa pembuatan mesin pelet kayu dan pengujian hasilnya. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 30(2): 144-154.
  19. Heo, S.J., Choi, J.W. 2018. Biofuel utilization and implications in ASEAN based on case analysis of developed countries. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(5): 577-596. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2018.46.5.577
  20. Hwang, U.T., Bae, J., Lee, T., Hwang, S.Y., Kim, J.C., Park, J., Choi, I.G., Kwak, H.W., Hwang, S.W., Yeo, H. 2021. Analysis of carbonization behavior of hydrochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization of lignin and development of a prediction model for carbonization degree using near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Tech- nology 49(3): 213-225. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2021.49.3.213
  21. Iskandar, N., Nugroho, S., Feliyana, M.F. 2019. Uji kualitas produk briket arang tempurung kelapa berdasarkan standar mutu SNI. Momentum 15(2): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.36499/jim.v15i2.3073
  22. Jamilatun, S. 2008. Sifat-sifat penyalaan dan pembakaran briket biomassa, briket batubara dan arang kayu. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 2(2): 37-40.
  23. Jang, E.S. 2022. Experimental investigation of the sound absorption capability of wood pellets as an eco-friendly material. Journal of the Korean Wood Sci- ence and Technology 50(2): 126-133. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2022.50.2.126
  24. Jeguirim, M., Limousy, L., Dutournie, P. 2014. Pyrolysis kinetics and physicochemical properties of agropellets produced from spent ground coffee blended with conventional biomass. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 92(10): 1876-1882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2014.04.018
  25. Jeoung, T.Y., Yang, S.M., Kang, S.G. 2020. Study on fuel specificity and harmful air pollutants factor of agglomerated wood charcoal. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(2): 253-266. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.2.253
  26. Ju, Y.M., Lee, H.W., Kim, A., Jeong, H., Chea, K.S., Lee, J., Ahn, B.J., Lee, S.M. 2020. Characteristics of carbonized biomass produced in a manufacturing process of wood charcoal briquettes using an open hearth kiln. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(2): 181-195. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.2.181
  27. Kale, J., Mula, Y.R., Iskandar, T., Abrina, S.P. 2019. Optimalisasi proses pembuatan briket arang bambu dengan menggunakan perekat organic. In: Malang, Indonesia, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri, Lingkungan dan Infrastruktur, pp. 1-7.
  28. Kansai, N., Chaisuwan, N., Supakata, N. 2018. Carbonized briquettes as a tool for adding value to waste from rain tree (Samanea saman) and coffee ground/tea waste. Engineering Journal 22(6): 47-63. https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2018.22.6.47
  29. Kawale, H.D., Kishore, N. 2020. Comparative study on pyrolysis of Delonix regia, pinewood sawdust and their co-feed for plausible bio-fuels production. Energy 203: 117921.
  30. Khusna, D., Susanto, J. 2015. Pemanfaata limbah padat kopi sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dalam bentuk briket berbasis biomass (studi kasus di PT. Santos Jaya Abadi Instan Coffee). In: Surabaya, Indonesia, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi Terapan III, pp. 247-260.
  31. Kumar, M., Xiong, X., Wan, Z., Sun, Y., Tsang, D.C.W., Gupta, J., Gao, B., Cao, X., Tang, J., Ok, Y.S. 2020. Ball milling as a mechanochemical technology for fabrication of novel biochar nanomaterials. Biore- source Technology 312: 123613.
  32. Lee, H.W., Eom, C.D. 2021. Preprocessing Miscanthus sacchariflorus with combination system of cone grinder and air classifier. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 49(4): 328-335. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2021.49.4.328
  33. Lee, H.W., Kim, S.B. 2020. Study on the estimation of proper compression ratios for Korean domestic wood species by single pellet press. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(4): 450-457. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.4.450
  34. Lee, J., Sarmah, A.K., Kwon, E.E. 2019. Production and Formation of Biochar. In: Biochar from Biomass and Waste: Fundamentals and Applications, Ed. by Ok, Y.S., Tsang, D.C.W., Bolan, N. and Novak, J.M. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  35. Limantara, J., Tedjokoesoemo, P.E.D., Rizqy, M.T. 2019. Penggunaan ampas kopi sebagai material alternatif pada produk interior. Jurnal Intra 7(2): 846-849.
  36. Limousy, L., Jeguirim, M., Dutournie, P., Kraiem, N., Lajili, M., Said, R. 2013. Gaseous products and particulate matter emissions of biomass residential boiler fired with spent coffee grounds pellets. Fuel 107: 323-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.10.019
  37. Lisowski, A., Olendzki, D., Swietochowski, A., Dabrowska, M., Mieszkalski, L., Ostrowska-Ligeza, E., Stasiak, M., Klonowski, J., Piatek, M. 2019. Spent coffee grounds compaction process: Its effects on the strength properties of biofuel pellets. Renewable Energy 142: 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.114
  38. Lyu, H., Gao, B., He, F., Ding, C., Tang, J., Crittenden, J.C. 2017. Ball-milled carbon nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 5(11): 9568-9585. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02170
  39. Martinez, C.L.M., Sermyagina, E., de Cassia Oliveira Carneiro, A., Vakkilainen, E., Cardoso, M. 2019. Production and characterization of coffee-pine wood residue briquettes as an alternative fuel for local firing systems in Brazil. Biomass and Bioenergy 123: 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.02.013
  40. Mussatto, S.I., Machado, E.M.S., Martins, S., Teixeira, J.A. 2011. Production, composition, and application of coffee and its industrial residues. Food and Bioprocess Technology 4(5): 661-672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0565-z
  41. Mustamu, S., Hermawan, D., Pari, G. 2018. Karakteristik biopelet dari limbah padat kayu putih dan gondorukem. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan 36(3):191-204. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphh.2018.36.3.191-204
  42. Muzakir, M.T., Nizar, M., Yulianti, C.S. 2017. Pemanfaatan kulit buah kakao menjadi briket arang meng- gunakan kanji sebagai perekat. Serambi Engineering 2(3): 124-129.
  43. Naghdi, M., Taheran, M., Brar, S.K., Rouissi, T., Verma, M., Surampalli, R.Y., Valero, J.R. 2017. A green method for production of nanobiochar by ball milling-optimization and characterization. Journal of Cleaner Production 164: 1394-1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.084
  44. Nandiyanto, A.B.D., Ragadhita, R., Sukmafitri, A., Bilad, M.R., Aziz, M., Yunas, J. 2020. Mechanical impact in disk mill for producing controlled rice husk particle size by changing impactor shapes and disk rotation speeds. Sains Malaysiana 49(12):2927-2940. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4912-05
  45. Oyelaran, O.A., Olorunfemi, B.J., Sanusi, O.M., Fagbemigun, A.O., Balogun, O. 2018. Investigating the performance and combustion characteristics of composite bio-coal briquette. Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures 5(2): 173-184.
  46. Park, S., Han, Y., Son, D.W. 2020a. Flame retardancy of wood products by spreading concentration and impregnation time of flame retardant. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(4): 417-430. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.4.417
  47. Park, Y., Jeon, W.S., Yoon, S.M., Lee, H.M., Hwang, W.J. 2020b. Evaluation of cell-wall microstructure and anti-swelling effectiveness of heat-treated larch wood. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 48(6): 780-790. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.6.780
  48. Patandung, P. 2014. Pengaruh jumlah tepung kanji pada pembuatan briket arang tempurung pala. Jurnal Penelitian Teknologi Industri 6(2): 95-102. https://doi.org/10.33749/jpti.v6i2.3195
  49. Peudada, A., Mawardi, I., Ariefin, A. 2020. Pengaruh lubang laluan countersink dan counterbore terhadap karakteristik pellet kayu kelapa sawit dengan penambahan karbon arang tempurung. Jurnal Mesin Sains Terapan 4(1): 6-11. https://doi.org/10.30811/jmst.v4i1.1738
  50. Prabawa, I.D.G.P., Miyono, M. 2017. Mutu biopelet dari campuran cangkang buah karet dan bambu ater (Gigantochloa atter). Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 9(2): 99-110. https://doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v9i2.3524
  51. Pratiwi, V.D. 2020. Effect of burning temperature on the quality of alternatife bio-energy from coffee waste. Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomuni- kasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8(3): 615-626. https://doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i3.615
  52. Priyanto, A., Hantarum, H., Sudarno, S. 2018. Pengaruh variasi ukuran partikel briket terhadap kerapatan, kadar air, dan laju pembakaran pada briket kayu sengon, In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi Terapan, pp. 541-546.
  53. Putri, R.E., Andasuryani, A. 2017. Studi mutu briket arang dengan bahan baku limbah biomassa. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas 21(2): 143-151. https://doi.org/10.25077/jtpa.21.2.143-151.2017
  54. Rusdianto, A.S. 2018. Physico-chemical properties of biopellet from coffee shell. Research Journal of Chemical and Environmental Sciences 6(3): 40-43.
  55. Ruslan, R. 2020. Pengaruh ukuran partikel terhadap karakteristik briket berbasis sekam padi dan tempurung kelapa. Jurnal Ilmu Fisika: Teori Dan Aplikasinya 1(2): 59-65.
  56. Sunardi, S. Djuanda, D., Mandra, M.A.S. 2019. Characteristics of charcoal briquettes from agricultural waste with compaction pressure and particle size variation as alternative fuel. International Energy Journal 19(3): 139-148.
  57. Tongcumpou, C., Usapein, P., Tuntiwiwattanapun, N. 2019. Complete utilization of wet spent coffee grounds waste as a novel feedstock for antioxidant, biodiesel, and bio-char production. Industrial Crops and Products 138: 111484.
  58. Tun, M.M., Raclavska, H., Juchelkova, D., Ruzickova, J., Safar, M., Strbova, K., Gikas, P. 2020. Spent coffee ground as renewable energy source: Evaluation of the drying processes. Journal of Environ- mental Management 275: 111204.
  59. Wu, P., Wang, Z., Bolan, N.S., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Chen, W. 2021. Visualizing the development trend and research frontiers of biochar in 2020: A scientometric perspective. Biochar 3(4): 419-436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00120-3
  60. Xing, T., Mateti, S., Li, L.H., Ma, F., Du, A., Gogotsi, Y., Chen, Y. 2016. Gas protection of two-dimensional nanomaterials from high-energy impacts. Scientific Reports 6(1): 35532.
  61. Yang, I., Han, G.S., Oh, S.W. 2018. Larch pellets fabricated with coffee waste and the commercializing potential of the pellets. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 46(1): 48-59. https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2018.46.1.48