DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Differential Impact of Customer Equity Drivers on Satisfaction: The Case of China's Telecommunications Industry

  • Received : 2022.12.10
  • Accepted : 2023.01.13
  • Published : 2023.01.31

Abstract

As the necessity of customer relationship management (CRM) increases, measuring the performance of CRM have been actively discussed. Customer equity (CE) is regarded as an appropriate indicator for evaluating the outcomes of marketing activities. There are three drivers of CE: brand, value, and relationship equity. This study aims to investigate the impact of three drivers on customer satisfaction. Market competition is an environmental factor that affects the effectiveness of CRM. This study divides target firms into leaders and followers. This study found that the differential impact of CE drivers on customer satisfaction depends on the firm's status (leader or follower). Specifically, the brand equity driver significantly impacts the leader firm. However, the impacts of value and relationship equity drivers are bigger for follower firms. The above results suggest that firms need to build CRM strategies that consider the competitive situation of the market and their position.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF2020S1A5B5A01043134)

References

  1. Abrahamson, Eric (1996), "Management Fashion," Academy of Management Review, 21 (1), 254-285. https://doi.org/10.2307/258636
  2. Ahn, Kwang Ho, Sung Hwan Kim, and Mo Ran Kim (2011), "The Study of the Relative Effect of Customer Equity Drivers on Customer Loyalty," Korean Journal of Marketing, 26 (1), 23-45.
  3. Anderson, Eugene. W., Claes Fornell, and Sanal K. Mazvancheryl (2004), "Customer Satisfaction and Shareholder Value," Journal of Marketing, 68 (4), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.4.172.42723
  4. Berger, Jonah and Eric M. Schwartz (2011), "What Drives Immediate and Ongoing Word of Mouth?," Journal of Marketing Research, 48 (5), 869-880. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.48.5.869
  5. Bhat, Suhail Ahmad and Mushtaq Ahmad Darzi (2016), "Customer Relationship Management: An Approach to Competitive Advantage in the Banking Sector by Exploring the Mediational Role of Loyalty," International Journal of Bank Marketing, 34 (3), 388-410 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-11-2014-0160
  6. Blattberg, Robert C., and John Deighton (1996), "Manage Marketing by the Customer Equity Test," Harvard Business Review, 74 (4), 136.
  7. Bolton, Ruth N. (1998), "A Dynamic Model of the Duration of the Customer's Relationship With a Continuous Service Provider: The Role of Satisfaction," Marketing Science, 17 (1), 45-65. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.17.1.45
  8. Bolton, Ruth N., and Katherine N. Lemon (1999), "A Dynamic Model of Customers' Usage of Services: Usage as an Antecedent and Consequence of Satisfaction," Journal of Marketing Research, 36 (2), 171-186.
  9. Boulding, William, Richard Staelin, Michael Ehret, and Wesley J. Johnston (2005), "A Customer Relationship Management Roadmap: What is Known, Potential Pitfalls, and Where to Go," Journal of Marketing, 69 (4), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.2005.69.4.155
  10. Cen Xiaotian (2022), "Insight 2022: Competition Pattern and Market Share of China's Communications Industry," Research Report, Qianzhan Industry Research Institute (March 15).
  11. Cho, Hyeon Jeong, Byoungho Jin, and Hira Cho (2010), "An Examination of Regional Differences in China by Socio-Cultural Factors," International Journal of Market Research, 52 (5), 613-633. https://doi.org/10.2501/S1470785310201508
  12. Choi, Hyunjeong and Bong-Kee Kim (2017), "The Effects of the Predictive Power of Customer Satisfaction Index for Future Financial Performance on Executive Compensation," Korean Journal of Management Accounting Research, 17 (2), 1-28.
  13. Ciubotariu, Marius Sorin (2013), "The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Modern Economy and the Importance of IFRS Application for SMEs," The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 13 (1), 201-210.
  14. Danaher, Peter J., and Roland T. Rust (1996), "Determining the Optimal Return on Investment for an Advertising Campaign," European Journal of Operational Research, 95 (3) 511-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(95)00319-3
  15. De Angelis, Matteo, Andrea Bonezzi, Alessandro M. Peluso, Derek D. Rucker, and Michele Costabile (2012), "On Braggarts and Gossips: A Self-Enhancement Account of Word-of-Mouth Generation and Transmission," Journal of Marketing Research, 49 (4), 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.11.0136
  16. Dick, Alan S., and Kunal Basu (1994), "Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22 (2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070394222001
  17. Feick, Lawrence and Linda L. Price (1987), "The Market Maven: A Diffuser of Marketplace Information," Journal of Marketing, 51 (1), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298705100107
  18. Fornell, Claes (1992), "A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer: The Swedish Experience," Journal of Marketing, 56 (1), 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299205600103
  19. Fornell, Claes, Michael D. Johnson, Eugene W. Anderson, Jaesung Cha, and Barbara Everitt Bryant (1996). The American customer satisfaction index: nature, purpose, and findings. Journal of Marketing, 60 (4), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000403
  20. Fu, Linlin (2022), "A Study on the Impact of Customer Equity Drivers on Customer Satisfaction: Case of Telecommunication Companies," Master's thesis, Pusan National University.
  21. Giachetti, Claudio, and Salvatore Torrisi (2018), "Following or Running Away From the Market Leader? The Influences of Environmental Uncertainty and Market Leadership," European Management Review, 15 (3), 445-463. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12130
  22. Gupta, Sunil and Valarie Zeithaml (2006), "Customer Metrics and Their Impact on Financial Performance," Marketing Science, 25 (6), 718-739. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1060.0221
  23. Gupta, Sunil, Donald R. Lehmann, and Jennifer Ames Stuart (2004), "Valuing Customers," Journal of Marketing Research, 41 (1), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.41.1.7.25084
  24. Hawkins, Dr. LeAllen and Hoon, Stephanie (2019), "The Impact of Customer Retention Strategies and the Survival of Small Service-Based Businesses," Electronic Journal, 5 (564), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3445173
  25. Hennig-Thurau, Thorsten, Kevin P. Gwinner, and Dwayne D. Gremler (2002), "Understanding Relationship Marketing Outcomes: An Integration of Relational Benefits and Relationship Quality," Journal of Service Research, 4 (3), 230-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670502004003006
  26. Holehonnur, A., Mary A. Raymond, Christopher D. Hopkins and Amanda C. Fine (2009), "Examining the Customer Equity Framework From a Consumer Perspective," Journal of Brand Management, 17 (3), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2009.21
  27. Ittner, Christopher D., and David F. Larcker (1998), "Are Nonfi- nancial Measures Leading Indicators of Financial Performance? An Analysis of Customer Satisfaction," Journal of Accounting Research, 36, 1-35. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491304
  28. Jeon, Jaihyun, Byung-Do Kim, and Junhee Seok (2020), "Impact of Negative Word of Mouth on Firm Value," Asia Marketing Journal, 22 (3), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.15830/amj.2020.22.3.1
  29. Keller, Kevin Lane (1993), "Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity," Journal of Marketing, 57 (1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700101
  30. Kim, Heung-Ryel (2017), "Analysis of Visitor Characteristics at a Traditional Market as a Tourism Destination," International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 31 (5), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.21298/IJTHR.2017.05.31.5.49
  31. Kim, Woohyoung and Hyun Kim (2013), "Regional development strategy for increasing cultural tourism business in South Korea," Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18 (6), 534-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2012.695285
  32. Kim, Woohyoung, Hyun Kim, and Jinsoo Hwang (2020), "Sustainable Growth for the Self-Employed in the Retail Industry Based on Customer Equity, Customer Satisfaction, and Loyalty," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, 101963.
  33. Kumar, Vipin (2008), Managing Customers for Profit: Strategies to Increase Profits and Build Loyalty, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Pub.
  34. Kumar, Vipin and Denish Shah (2009), "Expanding the Role of Marketing: From Customer Equity to Market Capitalization," Journal of Marketing, 73 (6), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.6.119
  35. Lassar, Walfried, Banwari Mittal, and Arun Sharma (1995), "Measuring Customer-Based Brand Equity," Journal of Consumer Marketing, 12 (4), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363769510095270
  36. Lemon, Katherine N., Roland T. Rust, and Valarie A. Zeithaml. (2001), "What Drives Customer Equity?", Marketing Management, 10 (1), 20-25.
  37. Lieberman, Marvin B., and Shigeru Asaba (2006), "Why Do Firms Imitate Each Other?," Academy of Management Review, 31 (2), 366-385. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.20208686
  38. Lumanaj, Jasmina, Aulent Guri, Armend Aliu, and Otjela Lubonja (2013), "Quality of Service in the Banking Sector," Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (9), 418-418. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n9p418
  39. McGahan, Anita M., and Pankaj Ghemawat (1994), "Competition to retain customers," Marketing Science, 13 (2), 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.13.2.165
  40. Moenardy, Khalid K., S. Z. Arifin, and Srikandi Kumadji (2016), "The Effect of Service Quality and Relationship Marketing to Customer Value, Customer Satisfaction, Switching Cost, and Customer Retention: A Case Study on the Customers of Bank NTT at East Nusa Tenggara Province," International Journal of Management and Administrative Sciences, 3 (4), 48-63.
  41. Moon, Sun-Jung, Bo-Hyen Kang, and Soo-Hyung Lee (2011), "Effect of Consumer Confusion on Word of Mouth and Trust Through Anger: Focusing on the Moderation Effect of Consumer's Negative Affectivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty," Asia Marketing Journal, 13 (1), 113-141.
  42. Musalem, Andres, and Yogesh V. Joshi (2009), "Research Note-How Much Should You Invest in Each Customer Relationship? A Competitive Strategic Approach," Marketing Science, 28 (3), 555-565. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1080.0424
  43. Nunnally, Jum C. (1978), "An Overview of Psychological Measurement," In: Wolman B. B. (eds.), Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders, pp. 97-146, Boston, MA: Springer.
  44. Oliver, Christine (1997), "Sustainable Competitive Advantage: Combining Institutional and Resource-Based Views," Strategic Management Journal, 18 (9), 697-713. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199710)18:9<697::AID-SMJ909>3.0.CO;2-C
  45. Oliver, Richard L. (1999), "Whence Consumer Loyalty?," Journal of Marketing, 63 (4), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634s105
  46. Park, Sang-June and Hyeon-Cheol Kim (2003), "Customer Satisfaction Index and Business Performance," Korean Journal of Marketing, 18 (3), 19-50.
  47. Park, Sangwoo, Woo Jin Choi, and Dongwoo Shin (2021), "Who Makes You More Disappointed? The Effect of Avatar Presentation, Company Market Status, and Agent Identity on Customers' Perceived Service Quality and Satisfaction of Online Chatting Services," Asia Marketing Journal, 23 (3), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.53728/2765-6500.1577
  48. Park, Yong-jin, (2018), "A Study on the Effect of Traditional Market Visitors' Experiential Value on Place Attachment and Behavioral Intention," Event & Convention Research, 14 (1), 137-156.
  49. Patterson, Paul G., and Tasman Smith (2001), "Relationship Benefits in Service Industries: A Replication in a Southeast Asian Context," Journal of Services Marketing, 15 (6), 425-443. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006098
  50. Pfeifer, Phillip E., and Paul W. Farris (2004), "The Elasticity of Customer Value to Retention: The Duration of a Customer Relationship," Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18 (2), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20006
  51. Reichheld, Frederick F., and W. Earl Sasser (1990), "Zero Defeofions: Quoliiy Comes to Services," Harvard Business Review, 68 (5), 105-111.
  52. Reinartz, Werner J., and Vijay Kumar (2000), "On the Profitability of Long-Life Customers in a Noncontractual Setting: An Empirical Investigation and Implications for Marketing," Journal of Marketing, 64 (4), 17-35. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.64.4.17.18077
  53. Reynolds, Kristy E., and Sharon E. Beatty (1999), "Customer Benefits and Company Consequences of Customer-Salesperson Relationships in Retailing," Journal of Retailing, 75 (1), 11-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(99)80002-5
  54. Rust, Roland T., Anthony J. Zahorik, and Timothy L. Keiningham (1995), "Return on Quality (ROQ): Making Service Quality Financially Accountable," Journal of Marketing, 59 (2), 58-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900205
  55. Rust, Roland T., Katherine N. Lemon, and Valarie A. Zeithaml (2001), Driving Customer Equity: Linking Customer Lifetime Value to Strategic Marketing Decisions, Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
  56. Rust, Roland T., Katherine N. Lemon, and Valarie A. Zeithaml (2004). "Return on Marketing: Using Customer Equity to Focus Marketing Strategy," Journal of Marketing, 68 (1), 109-127. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.1.109.24030
  57. Saeidi, Sayedeh Parastoo, Saudah Sofian, Parvaneh Saeidi, Sayyedeh Parisa Saeidi, Seyyed Alireza Saaeidi (2015), "How Does Corporate Social Responsibility Contribute to Firm Financial Performance? The Mediating Role of Competitive Advantage, Reputation, and Customer Satisfaction," Journal of Business Research, 68 (2), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.06.024
  58. Schulze, Christian, Bernd Skiera, and Thorsten Wiesel (2012), "Linking Customer and Financial Metrics to Shareholder Value: The Leverage Effect in Customer-Based Valuation," Journal of Marketing, 76 (2), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.10.0280
  59. Schumann, Jan H., Florian V. Wangenheim, Anne Stringfellow, Zhilin Yang, Vera Blazevic, Sandra Praxmarer, G. Shainesh, Marcin Komor, Randall M. Shannon, and Fernando R. Jimenez (2010) "Cross-Cultural Differences in the Effect of Received Word-of-Mouth Referral in Relational Service Exchange," Journal of International Marketing, 18 (3), 62-80. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.18.3.62
  60. Seiders, Kathleen, Glenn B. Voss, Dhruv Grewal, & Andrea L. Godfrey (2005), "Do Satisfied Customers Buy More? Examining Moderating Influences in a Retailing Context," Journal of Marketing, 69 (4), 26-43. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.2005.69.4.26
  61. Seo, HaeJin, Tae Ho Song, and Wang Li (2020), "Effect of Cause-Related Marketing in the Chinese Market: Moderating Effects of Product Type and Regional Characteristics," Asia Marketing Journal, 22 (3), 29-50. https://doi.org/10.15830/amj.2020.22.3.29
  62. Shaffer, Greg and Z. John Zhang (2002), "Competitive One-to-One Promotions," Management Science, 48 (9), 1143-1160. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.9.1143.172
  63. Sharmeela-Banu, S. A., K. Gengeswari, and P. Padmashantini (2012), "Customer Retention Practices Among the Major Retailers in Malaysia," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2 (6), 157.
  64. Sheth, Jagdish N., and Atul Parvatiyar (1995), "The Evolution of Relationship Marketing," International Business Review, 4 (4), 397-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-5931(95)00018-6
  65. Shugan, Steven M. (2005), "Brand Loyalty Programs: Are They Shams?," Marketing Science, 24 (2), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1050.0124
  66. Soltani, Zeynab, and Nima Jafari Navimipour (2016), "Customer Relationship Management Mechanisms: A Systematic Review of the State of the Art Literature and Recommendations for Future Research," Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 667-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.008
  67. Song, Tae Ho (2018), "A Comparison of Customer Equity to Financial Performance Using Corporate Disclosure Data: The Relationship between the Core Components of Customer Equity and the Customer Retention Strategies," Korean Journal of Marketing, 33 (3), 39-71. https://doi.org/10.15830/kmr.2018.33.3.39
  68. Song, Tae Ho (2020), "Exploratory Study on the Role of a Competitive Factor in Measuring Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Equity: Empirical Comparison through Crossvalidation," Services Marketing Journal, 13 (2), 99-109.
  69. Song, Tae Ho and Ji Yoon Kim (2016), "Dynamic Effect of Customer Equity on Firm Performance: Comparison between Leader and Follower," Journal of Product Research, 34 (2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.36345/KACST.2016.34.2.001
  70. Song, Tae Ho and Ji Yoon Kim (2020), "The Differential Effect of Customer Relationship Management Strategy in the Competitive Marketing Environment: The Case of the Telecommunication Industry," Korean Management Review, 49 (2), 205-330. https://doi.org/10.17287/kmr.2020.49.2.305
  71. Song, Tae Ho, Sang Yong Kim, and Ji Yoon Kim (2013), "Optimality of Customer Relationship Management: Does Profitability Really Matter?," Asia Marketing Journal, 15 (3), 141-157. https://doi.org/10.53728/2765-6500.1562
  72. Srivastava, Rajendra K., Tasadduq A. Shervani, and Liam Fahey (1998), "Market-Based Assets and Shareholder Value: A Framework for Analysis," Journal of Marketing, 62 (1), 2-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299806200102
  73. Stahl, Heinz K., Kurt Matzler, and Hans H. Hinterhuber (2003), "Linking Customer Lifetime Value with Shareholder Value," Industrial Marketing Management, 32 (4), 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(02)00188-8
  74. Swaminathan, V., Christopher Groening, Vikas Mittal, and Felipe Thomaz (2014), "How Achieving the Dual Goal of Customer Satisfaction and Efficiency in Mergers Affects a Firm's LongTerm Financial Performance," Journal of Service Research, 17 (2), 182-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670513510196
  75. Taneja, Sonia, Mildred Golden Pryor, and Mario Hayek (2016), "Leaping Innovation Barriers to Small Business Longevity," Journal of Business Strategy, 37 (3), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-12-2014-0145
  76. Taylor, Shirley, and John D. Claxton (1994), "Delays and the Dynamics of Service Evaluations," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22 (3), 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070394223006
  77. Villanueva, J., Pradeep Bhardwaj, Sridhar Balasubramanian and Yuxin Chen (2007), "Customer Relationship Management in Competitive Environments: The Positive Implications of a Short-Term Focus," Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 5 (2), 99-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11129-007-9022-8
  78. Vogel, Verena, Heiner Evanschitzky, and Balasubramani Ramaseshan (2008), "Customer Equity Drivers and Future Sales," Journal of Marketing, 72 (6), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.72.6.098
  79. Wang, Huanzhang, Kyung Hoon Kim, Eunju Ko and Honglei Liu (2016), "Relationship Between Service Quality and Customer Equity in Traditional Markets," Journal of Business Research, 69 (9), 3827-3834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.007
  80. Wu, Lei-Yu, Kuan-Yang Chen, Po-Yuan Chen, and Shu-Ling Cheng (2014), "Perceived Value, Transaction Cost, and Repurchase-Intention in Online Shopping: A Relational Exchange Perspective," Journal of Business Research, 67 (1), 2768-2776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.09.007
  81. Yeung, Matthew, C. H., Lee Chew Ging, and Christine T. Ennew (2002), "Customer Satisfaction and Profitability: A Reappraisal of the Nature of the Relationship," Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 11 (1), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jt.5740064
  82. Yeung, Yue-man and Xuwei Hu (1992), China's Coastal Cities: Catalysts for Modernization, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
  83. Yi, You Jae (2000), "A Theoretical Examination of Customer Satisfaction Research: Findings and Outlook," Journal of Consumer Studies, 11 (2), 139-166.
  84. Yi, You Jae and Cheong Lim Lee (2007), "The Role of Customer Loyalty Variables in the Effects of Customer Satisfaction on Firm's Performance," Korean Journal of Marketing, 22 (1), 81-102.
  85. Yi, You Jae and Cheong Lim Lee (2010), "The Dynamic Effects of Customer Satisfaction and Referral on Firm Performance: Focusing on KCSI and KNPS,", Korean Management Review, 39 (2), 279-307.
  86. Yi, You Jae, Kyong Cheon Cha, and Cheong Lim Lee (2008), "The Dynamic Effects of Customer Satisfaction on Firm's Profitability and Value," Asia Marketing Journal, 10 (1), 1-23.
  87. Zaichkowsky, Judith Lynne (1985), "Measuring the Involvement Construct," Journal of Consumer Research, 12 (3), 341-352. https://doi.org/10.1086/208520
  88. Zeithaml, Valarie A., Ananthanarayanan Parasuraman, and Leonard L. Berry (1985), "Problems and Strategies in Services Marketing," Journal of Marketing, 49 (2), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900203