DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of change intensity fields of magnetized water on fresh and hardened characteristics of concrete

  • Ali S. Ahmed (Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University) ;
  • Mohamed M.Y. Elshikh (Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University) ;
  • Mosbeh R. Kaloop (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University) ;
  • Jong Wan Hu (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University) ;
  • Walid E. Elemam (Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University)
  • Received : 2022.06.16
  • Accepted : 2022.11.25
  • Published : 2023.02.25

Abstract

This study investigates experimentally the impact of magnetized water (MW) on the fresh and hardened characteristics of concrete. Five types of MW are produced using magnetic fields of 1.4 and 1.6 Tesla for treating water with 100, 150, and 250 cycles. The concrete properties are assessed using the slump test, compressive strength test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). Furthermore, the chemical-physical characteristics of tap water (TW) and MW are evaluated. The results showed the magnetic field intensity has a significant impact on the magnetization effect; the best magnetizing conditions were found when TW was exposed successively to magnetic fields of 1.6 T and 1.4 T for 150 cycles. In addition, 150 MW cycles can be used to improve the compressive strength and workability of concrete by 40% and 17%, respectively. pH, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity improved by 15%, 17%, and 7%, respectively, when using MW. Additionally, MW can be used to enhance cement hydration chemical processes and made concrete's structure denser.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research is supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and the Institute for Industrial Technology Evaluation and Management (KEIT) in 2022. (Project No.: RS-2022-00154935, Title: Manufacturing of non-carbonate raw materials and development of cement technology to replace limestone with 5 wt.% or more).

References

  1. Abdel-Magid, T.I.M., Hamdan, R.M., Abdelgader, A.A.B. and Omer, M.E.A. (2017), "Effect of magnetized water on workability and compressive strength of concrete", Procedia Eng., 193, 494-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.242.
  2. Afshin, H., Gholizadeh, M. and Khorshidi, N. (2010), "Improving mechanical properties of high strength concrete by magnetic water technology", Sci. Iran., 17, 74-79.
  3. Ahmed, H.I. (2017), "Behavior of magnetic concrete incorporated with Egyptian nano alumina", Constr. Build. Mater., 150, 404-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.022.
  4. Ahmed, S.M. (2009), "Effect of magnetic water on engineering properties of concrete", Al-Rafidain Eng., 17(1), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2009.38451.
  5. Ahmed, S.M. and Manar, D.F. (2021), "Effect of static magnetic field treatment on fresh concrete and water reduction potential", Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 14, e00535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00535.
  6. Al-Maliki, A.A.K., Aswed, K.K. and Abraheem, A.K. (2020), "Properties of concrete with magnetic mixing water", AIP Conf. Proc., 2213(1), 020146. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000330.
  7. Al-Safy, R.A. (2021), "Employment of magnetic water treatment in construction", J. Eng. Sustain. Dev., 25(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.25.4.1.
  8. ASTM (2009), ASTM C143/C143M-20 Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete, ASTM Int'l, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  9. ASTM (2019), ASTM C1240-05, Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures, ASTM West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  10. ASTM C. (2008), 494-08, Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, ASTM Int'l, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  11. ASTM C. (2018), 192, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory, ASTM Int'l, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  12. ASTM C. (2019), 150, Standard Specification for Portland Cement, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM Int'l, West Conshohocken, USA.
  13. BS EN 12620 (2002), Aggregate for Concrete, BSI, London.
  14. BS EN 12390-3 (2009), Testing Hardened Concrete-Part 3: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, British Standards Institution.
  15. Barham, W.S., Albiss, B. and Lataifeh, O. (2021), "Influence of magnetic field treated water on the compressive strength and bond strength of concrete containing silica fume", J. Build. Eng., 33, 101544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101544.
  16. Damrongwiriyanupap, N., Li, L., Limkatanyu, S. and Xi, Y. (2014), "Temperature effect on multi-ionic species diffusion in saturated concrete", Comput. Concrete, 13(2), 149-171. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2014.13.2.149.
  17. Dharmaraj, R., Arunvivek, G.K., Karthick, A., Mohanavel, V., Perumal, B. and Rajkumar, S. (2021), "Investigation of mechanical and durability properties of concrete mixed with water exposed to a magnetic field", Adv. Civil Eng., 2021, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2821419.
  18. Du, W., Liu, Q. and Lin, R. (2021), "Effects of toluene-diisocyanate microcapsules on the frost resistance and self-repairing capability of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles", J. Build. Eng., 44, 102880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102880.
  19. ELShami, A.A., Essam, N. and Yousry, E.S.M. (2022), "Improvement of hydration products for self-compacting concrete by using magnetized water", Frat. ed Integrita Strutt., 16(61), 352-371. https://doi.org/10.3221/IGF-ESIS.61.24.
  20. Esmaeilnezhad, E., Choi, H.J., Schaffie, M., Gholizadeh, M. and Ranjbar, M. (2017), "Characteristics and applications of magnetized water as a green technology", J. Clean. Prod., 161, 908-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.166.
  21. Fu, W. and Wang, Z.B. (1994), "The new technology of concrete engineering", The Publishing House of Chinese Architectural Industry, Beijing, China.
  22. Gaafar, M.M., Ali, K., Khraibt, C., Shandi, N.R. and Mohamed, S.K. (2015), "Effect of magnetic water on physical properties of different kind of water, and studying its ability to dissolving kidney stone", J. Nat. Sci. Res., 5(18), 85-94.
  23. Gagg, C.R. (2014), "Cement and concrete as an engineering material: An historic appraisal and case study analysis", Eng. Fail. Anal., 40, 114-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.004.
  24. Gholhaki, M., Hajforoush, M. and Kazemi, M. (2018), "An investigation on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating magnetic water with various pozzolanic materials", Constr. Build. Mater., 158, 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.135.
  25. Ghorbani, S., Gholizadeh, M. and De Brito, J. (2018), "Effect of magnetized water on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete block pavers", Mater., 11(9), 1647. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091647.
  26. Ghorbani, S., Ghorbani, S., Tao, Z., De Brito, J. and Tavakkolizadeh, M. (2019), "Effect of magnetized water on foam stability and compressive strength of foam concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 197, 280-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.160.
  27. Ghorbani, S., Sharifi, S., Rokhsarpour, H., Shoja, S., Gholizadeh, M., Rahmatabad, M.A.D. and de Brito, J. (2020), "Effect of magnetized mixing water on the fresh and hardened state properties of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 248, 118660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118660.
  28. Hajforoush, M., Madandoust, R. and Kazemi, M. (2019), "Effects of simultaneous utilization of natural zeolite and magnetic water on engineering properties of self-compacting concrete", Asian J. Civil Eng., 20(2), 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-00106-w.
  29. Hu, H.X. and Deng, C. (2021), "Effect of magnetized water on the stability and consolidation compressive strength of cement grout", Mater., 14(2), 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020275.
  30. Ibrahim, E.M. and Abbas, Z.K. (2021), "Effect of magnetic water on strength properties of concrete", IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1067(1), 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1067/1/012002.
  31. Ignatov, I. and Mosin, O. (2014), "Basic concepts of magnetic water treatment", Eur. j. Mol. Biotechnol., 4, 72-85. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejmb.2014.4.72.
  32. Indrasari, W., Budi, E., Alayya, S.R. and Ramli, R. (2019), "Measurement of water polluted quality based on turbidity, pH, magnetic property, and dissolved solid", J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1317(1), 012060. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1317/1/012060.
  33. Javahershenas, F., Gilani, M.S. and Hajforoush, M. (2021), "Effect of magnetic field exposure time on mechanical and microstructure properties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC)", J. Build. Eng., 35, 101975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101975.
  34. Kaleta-Jurowska, A. and Jurowski, K. (2020), "The influence of ambient temperature on high performance concrete properties", Mater., 13, 4646. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204646.
  35. Kaloop, M.R., Yousry, O.M., Samui, P., Elshikh, M.M. and Hu, J.W. (2021), "Hybrid-ANFIS approaches for compressive strength prediction of cementitious mortar and paste employing magnetic water", Smart Struct. Sys., 27(4), 651-666. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2021.27.4.651.
  36. Karimipour, A., Edalati, M. and de Brito, J. (2021), "Influence of magnetized water and water/cement ratio on the properties of untreated coal fine aggregates concrete", Cement Concrete Compos., 122, 104121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104121.
  37. Karkush, M.O., Ahmed, M.D. and Al-Ani, S.M. (2019), "Magnetic field influence on the properties of water treated by reverse osmosis", Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., 9(4), 4433-4439. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2855.
  38. Kavitha, O.R., Shanthi, V.M., Arulraj, G.P. and Sivakumar, V.R. (2016), "Microstructural studies on eco-friendly and durable Self-compacting concrete blended with metakaolin", Appl. Clay Sci., 124, 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.02.011.
  39. Keshta, M.M., Elshikh, M.M.Y., Abd Elrahman, M. and Youssf, O. (2022), "Utilizing of magnetized water in enhancing of volcanic concrete characteristics", J. Compos. Sci., 6, 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6100320.
  40. Khorshidi, N., Ansari, M. and Bayat, M. (2014), "An investigation of water magnetization and its influence on some concrete specificities like fluidity and compressive strength", Comput. Concrete, 13(5), 649-657. http://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2014.13.5.649.
  41. Khreef, S.M. and Abbas, Z.K. (2021), "The effects of using magnetized water in reactive powder concrete with different curing methods", IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1067(1), 012017. http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1067/1/012017.
  42. Lee, H.S., Yap, A.C.W., Ng, C.C., Mohd, N.S. and Loo, J.L. (2019), "Increased electron density and dissolved oxygen level in water through magnetic effect", IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 257(1), 012010. http://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/257/1/012010.
  43. Malathy, R., Karuppasamy, N. and Vinitha, U. (2022b), "Influence of contact time to magnetic field of mixing water on fresh and hardened properties of concrete", Recent Developments in Sustainable Infrastructure (ICRDSI-2020)-Structure and Construction Management, Springer, Singapore.
  44. Malathy, R., Narayanan, K. and Mayakrishnan, P. (2022a), "Performance of prestressed concrete beams using magnetic water for concrete mixing", J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 36(6), 666-684. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2021.1936383.
  45. Mazloom, M, Ramezanianpour, A.A. and Brooks, J.J. (2004), "Effect of silica fume on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete", Cement Concrete Compos., 26(4), 347-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00017-9
  46. Mazloom, M. and Miri, S.M. (2017), "Interaction of magnetic water, silica fume and superplasticizer on fresh and hardened properties of concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 5(2), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2017.5.2.087.
  47. Mghaiouini, R., Salah, M., Monkade, M. and El Bouari, A. (2021), "A new knowledge of water magnetism phenomenon", Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 47(1), 1129-1136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05750-0.
  48. Narmatha, M., Arulraj, P. and Bari, J.A. (2021), "Effect of magnetic water treatment for mixing and curing on structural concrete", Mater. Today: Proc., 37, 671-676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.633.
  49. Naser, M.H., Naser, F.H. and Almamoori, A.H.N. (2020), "The effect of water mixing temperature on concrete compressive strength containing different ratios of silica fume". IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 928(2), 022010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/928/2/022010.
  50. Nasrazadani, S., Eghtesad, R., Sudoi, E., Vupputuri, S., Ramsey, J. D. and Ley, M.T. (2016), "Application of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to study concrete degradation induced by biogenic sulfuric acid", Mater. Struct., 49(5), 2025-2034. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0631-5.
  51. Niu, L. (2022), "Experimental research on the influence of magnetized water on the compressive strength of concrete", Int. Core J. Eng., 8(3), 176-180. http://doi.org/10.6919%2fICJE.202203_8(3).0026. https://doi.org/10.6919%2fICJE.202203_8(3).0026
  52. Pang, X.F. and Zhu, X.S. (2011), "The influences of magnetized water on physical properties of concrete", 2011 International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices, Sydney, December.
  53. Ramalingam, M., Narayanan, K., Masilamani, A., Kathirvel, P., Murali, G. and Vatin, N.I. (2022). "Influence of magnetic water on concrete properties with different magnetic field exposure times", Mater., 15(12), 4291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124291.
  54. Singh, S. and Naval, S. (2016), "Effect of magnetic water on the engineering properties of self-compacting concrete using binary and ternary blends", Int. J. Sci. Technol. Manag., 9(1), 5-18.
  55. Su, N. and Wu, C.F. (2003), "Effect of magnetic field treated water on mortar and concrete containing fly ash", Cement Concrete Compos., 25(7), 681-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00098-7.
  56. Su, N., Wu, Y.H. and Mar, C.Y. (2000), "Effect of magnetic water on the engineering properties of concrete containing granulated blast-furnace slag", Cement Concrete Res., 30(4), 599-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00215-5.
  57. Toledo, E.J., Ramalho, T.C. and Magriotis, Z.M. (2008), "Influence of magnetic field on physical-chemical properties of the liquid water: Insights from experimental and theoretical models", J. Mol. Struct., 888(1-3), 409-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.01.010.
  58. Tran, V.M., Stitmannaithum, B. and Nawa, T. (2011), "Prediction of chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete under flexural cyclic load", Comput. Concrete, 8(3), 343-355. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2011.8.3.343.
  59. Venkatesh, S. and Jagannathan, P. (2020), "An experimental study on the effect of magnetized water on mechanical properties of concrete", IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 912(3), 032081. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/912/3/032081.
  60. Vermeiren, T. (1958), "Magnetic treatment of liquids for scale and corrosion prevention", Anti-Corros. Methods Mater., 5(7), 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb019464.
  61. Wang, Y., Wei, H. and Li, Z. (2018), "Effect of magnetic field on the physical properties of water", Results Phys., 8, 262-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.12.022.
  62. Wei, H., Wang, Y. and Luo, J. (2017), "Influence of magnetic water on early-age shrinkage cracking of concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 147, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.140.
  63. Yao, X., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Gao, H. and Wang, X. (2015), "Analysis on properties of magnetised water and its application in sprayed concrete", Mater. Res. Innov., 19(8), 215. https://doi.org/10.1179/1432891715Z.0000000001661.
  64. Yousry, O.M., Abdallah, M.A., Ghazy, M.F., Taman, M.H. and Kaloop, M.R. (2020), "A study for improving compressive strength of cementitious mortar utilizing magnetic water", Mater., 13(8), 1971. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081971.
  65. Yusuf, K.O., Akpenpuun, T.D., David, S.O. and Oluwayemi, C.H. (2021), "Impact of magnetically treated water on compressive and flexural strength of concrete", Niger. J. Technol. Dev., 18(3), 251-257. https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i3.10.
  66. Zhao, K., Zhang, P., Wang, B., Tian, Y., Xue, S. and Cong, Y. (2021), "Preparation of electric-and magnetic-activated water and its influence on the workability and mechanical properties of cement mortar", Sustain., 13(8), 4546. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084546.
  67. Zou, C. and Jiang, Y.S. (2006), "Experimental research on the physical mechanic performances of magnetized concrete", West-China Explor. Eng., 7, 118.