Journal of Plant Biotechnology

  • Volume 50
  • /
  • Pages.97-107
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 1229-2818(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2384-1397(eISSN)
The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
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Comparative antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical contents of Warburgia ugandensis stem bark against Aspilia africana wild and in vitro regenerated tissues

  • Denis Okello (Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) ;
  • Jeremiah Gathirwa (Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute) ;
  • Alice Wanyoko (Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute) ;
  • Richard Komakech (Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health) ;
  • Yuseong Chung (Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) ;
  • Roggers Gang (Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) ;
  • Francis Omujal (Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health) ;
  • Youngmin Kang (Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine)
  • Received : 2023.05.03
  • Accepted : 2023.05.19
  • Published : 2023.06.01
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Abstract

Malaria remains to be one of the most severe global public health concerns. Traditionally, Aspilia Africana and Warburgia ugandensis have been used to treat malaria in several African countries for millennia. In the current study, A. africana calli (AaC), A. africana in vitro roots (AaIR), A. africana wild leaf (AaWL), and W. ugandensis stem bark (WuSB) were dried and pulverized. Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the powdered samples, while 80% ethanolic extracts of each sample were assayed for antiplasmodial activity (against Plasmodium falciparum strains DD2 (chloroquine-resistant) and 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive)) and cytotoxicity. WuSB showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 1.57 ± 0.210 ㎍/ml and 8.92 ± 0.365 ㎍/ml against P. falciparum 3D7 and DD2, respectively) and selectivity indices (43.90 ± 7.914 and 7.543 ± 0.051 for P. falciparum 3D7 and DD2, respectively). The highest total polyphenolic contents (total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 367.9 ± 3.55 mg GAE/g and 203.9 ± 1.43 mg RUE/g, respectively) were recorded for WuSB and the lowest were recorded for AaC. The antiplasmodial activities of the tested plant tissues correlated positively with total polyphenolic content. The high selectivity indices of WuSB justify its traditional applications in treating malaria and present it as a good candidate for discovering new antimalarial compounds. We recommend elicitation treatment for AaIR, which showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum DD2, to increase its secondary metabolite production for optimal antimalarial activity.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Grants from the Development of Sustainable Application for Standard Herbal Resources (KSN1822320) and under the framework of international cooperation program (Korea-South Africa Cooperative Research Project for Excavation of Candidate Resources of Complementary and Alternative Medicine) managed by National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant: 2017 093655, KIOM: D17470). Additionally, the research was supported by the University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea under the Overseas' training program.

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