Journal of Plant Biotechnology

  • Volume 50
  • /
  • Pages.89-95
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 1229-2818(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2384-1397(eISSN)
The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of carbon sources on somatic embryogenesis and cotyledon number variations in carrot (Daucus carota L.)

  • Young Jin Lee (Department of Emergency Medical Rescue, Nambu University) ;
  • Kyu Seog Hwang (Department of Biomedicine Enginerring, Nambu University) ;
  • Pil Son Choi (Department of Emergency Medical Rescue, Nambu University)
  • Received : 2023.04.07
  • Accepted : 2023.05.10
  • Published : 2023.05.17
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of carbon sources on somatic embryogenesis and cotyledon number variations in carrot, embryogenic callus were cultured in the medium supplemented with various concentrations of sucroseor glucose, and with combination of 2% sucrose and various concentrations of mannitol or sorbitol. The maximum number of somatic embryos formed per flask (1,555.70) was obtained in the medium supplemented with 2% sucrose rather than glucose alone or a combination of mannitol or sorbitol and 2% sucrose, and the number of somatic embryos was decreased with the increasing of mannitol or sorbitol concentration. The frequencies of somatic embryos with two cotyledons were 35.14% for sucrose, 19.88% for glucose, 32.55% for mannitol + 2% sucrose, and 38.59% for sorbitol + 2% sucrose, respectively, and the frequencies of abnormal somatic embryos having 3 or more cotyledons were 64.86% for sucrose, 80.12% for glucose, 67.44% for mannitol + 2% sucrose, and 61.41% for sorbitol + 2% sucrose, respectively. Particularly, the frequency of somatic embryos with two cotyledons (59.16%) was the highest in the 2% sucrose medium compared to the frequency of abnormal somatic embryogenesis with three or more cotyledons, and the frequency gradually decreased with increasing concentration of glucose, mannitol or sorbitol. According to these results, it was found that the ratio of abnormal somatic embryo was higher than the normal somatic embryo in carrot, and was shown that somatic embryogenesis and the cotyledon number was affected by the concentrations of sucrose, glucose as carbon source, and mannitol and sorbitol as osmotic agents in culture medium.

Keywords

References

  1. Ashburner GR, Thompson WK, Burch JM (1993) Effects of alpha-naphthalene acetic acid and sucrose levels on the development of cultured embryos of coconut. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 35:157-163 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00032965
  2. Brown C, Brooks FJ, Pearson D, Mathias RJ (1989) Control of embryogenesis and organogenesis in immature wheat embryo callus using increased medium osmolarity and abscisic acid. J Plant Physiol 133:727-733 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(89)80080-X
  3. Buchheim JA, Colburn SM, Ranch JP (1989) Maturation of soybean somatic embryos and the transition to plantlet growth. Plant Physiol 89:768-775 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.89.3.768
  4. Businge E, Bygdell J, Wingsle G, Moritz T, Egertsdotter U (2013) The effect of carbohydrates and osmoticum on storage reserve accumulation and germination of Norway spruce somatic embryos. Physiol Plant 149(2):273-285 https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12039
  5. Choi PS, Kwon SY (2013a) Histological characteristics of somatic embryos in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Kor J Plant Res 26:511-515 https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2013.26.4.511
  6. Choi PS, Kwon SY (2013b) Procambium differentiation and shoot apical meristem development in somatic embryos of soybean (Glycine max L.). J Plant Biotechnol 40:55-58 https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2013.40.1.055
  7. Choi PS, Soh WY, Cho DY, Liu JR (1994) Somatic embryogenesis in immature zygotic embryo cultures of Korean soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars and effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid somatic embryo morphology. Korean J Plant Tiss Cult 21:7-13
  8. Choi PS, Soh WY, Cho DY, Liu JR (2005) Relationship of cotyledon number with procambium differentiation in somatic embryogenesis of Codonopsis lanceolata L . Kor J Pla nt Biotechnol 32:135-138
  9. Finer JJ (1987) Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature embryos of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on a high sucrose-containing medium. Plant Cell Rep 6:372-374 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00269564
  10. Garcia C, Almeida AF, Costa M, Britto D, Valle R, Royaert S, Marelli J (2019) Abnormalities in somatic embryogenesis caused by 2,4-D: an overview. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 137:193-212 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01569-8
  11. Goebel-Tourand I, Mauro MC, Sossountzov L, Miginiac E, Deloire A (1993) Arrest of somatic embryo development in grapevine: histological characterization and the effect of ABA, BAP and zeatin in stimulating plantlet development. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 33:91-103 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01997603
  12. Kageyama C, Komatsuda T, Nadajima K (1990) Effects of sucrose concentration on morphology of somatic embryos from immature soybean cotyledons. Plant Tiss Cult Lett 7:108-110 https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology1984.7.108
  13. Komatsuda T (1992) Research on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in soybean. Bull Natl Inst Agrobiol Resour (Japan) 7:1-78
  14. Lazzeri PA, Hildebrand DF, Collin GB (1987) Soybean somatic embryogenesis: effects of nutritional, physical and chemical factors. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 10:209-220 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00037305
  15. Lazzeri PA, Hildebrand DF, Sunega J, William EG, Collin GB (1988) Soybean somatic embryogenesis : interactions between sucrose and auxin. Plant Cell Rep 7:517-520 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00272745
  16. Lee KS, Soh WY (1993) Effects of cytokinins on the number of cotyledons of somatic embryos from cultured cells of Aralia cordata Thumb. Korean J Plant Tiss Cult 20:171-176
  17. Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473-497 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
  18. Soh WY, Choi PS, Cho DY, Liu JR (2001) Plant regeneration of somatic embryos with anomalous cotyledons formed in cell cultures of Codonopsis lanceolata. Phytomorphology 51:327-336
  19. Strickland SG, McCall CM, Nichol JW, Stuart DA (1986) Enhanced somatic embryogenesis in Medicago sativa by addition of maltose and its higher homologs to the culture medium. In: Somers DA, Gegenbach BG, Biesboer DD, Hackett WP, Green CE (eds.), VI Internal Conf Plant Tiss Cult (abstracts), Menneapolis, Univ Minnesota. pp 188
  20. Stuart DA, Nelson J, Strickland SG, Nichol JW (1985) Factors affecting developmental process in alfalfa cell cultures. In: Henke RR, Hughes KW, Constantin MP, Hollaender A (eds), Tissue culture in forestry and agriculture, Plenum Press, New York, pp 59-73
  21. Swedlund B, Locy RD (1993) Sorbitol as the primary carbon source for the growth of embryogenic callus of maize. Plant Physiol 103:1339-1346 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.4.1339
  22. Vale EM, Reis RS, Passamani LZ, Santa-Catarina C, Silveira V (2018) Morphological analyses and variation in carbohydrate content during the maturation of somatic embryos of Carica papaya. Physiol Mol Plants 24(2):295-305 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-017-0501-4