Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of impact by mechanical harvesting on storability of onions (Allium cepa L.)

기계수확 시 발생한 충격이 양파(Allium cepa L.)의 저장성에 미치는 영향

  • Young-Kyeong Kwon (Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University) ;
  • Yong-Jae Lee (Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University)
  • 권영경 (부산대학교 원예생명과학과) ;
  • 이용재 (부산대학교 생명산업융합연구원)
  • Received : 2023.07.24
  • Accepted : 2023.09.25
  • Published : 2023.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the storability of onions according to manual and mechanical harvesting. Moreover, we simulated the onion-to-onion impact during the mechanical harvesting process and investigated the storability after artificially subjecting the onions to impact treatment. The onion harvesting methods included hand plucking + manual collection, digger + manual, and digger + mechanical collection. The maximum impact height during the mechanical harvesting process was 0.5 m. Immediately after harvesting, no significant difference in the bruise and wound rate among the harvesting methods was observed. Any increased bruise or wound rate because of mechanical harvesting was presumed to be influenced by soil conditions, such as the presence of gravel, and machine operation factors. Furthermore, the storability during the 8.5 months storage showed no significant difference according to the harvesting methods. In treatments by simulating the impacts during the mechanical harvesting process, the impact heights were 0.0 m (0.0 J), 0.25 m (0.86 J), 0.5 m (1.72 J), and 0.75 m (2.57 J), each performed once, and four times at the same position (3.43 J) and four times at different positions (3.43 J) at 0.25 m. Throughout all the treatments, there were no significant differences in the storability during the 8.5 months storage period.

본 연구는 인력수확과 기계수확 즉, 수확 방법을 달리한 양파와 기계수확 과정에서 발생되는 양파와 양파 간 충격을 모의하여 인위적으로 충격처리 한 양파의 품질 및 저장성을 평가하여 기계수확을 위한 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 수확방법은 인력굴취 후 인력수집, 기계굴취 후 인력수집, 기계굴취 후 기계수집 총 3가지였다. 그리고 본 연구의 굴취 및 수집과정에서의 최고 충격 높이는 0.5 m였다. 수확 직후 압상률과 상해율은 수확 방법 간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 만약 기계수확으로 압상이나 상해 발생이 증가한다면 그 원인은 토양에 함유된 자갈 등의 토양 조건과 속도 등의 기계 운전 조건이 영향을 미친 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 저장 8.5개월 동안의 품질 및 저장성도 수확 방법 간에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 모의 충격실험은 0.0 m(0.0 J), 0.25 m(0.86 J), 0.5 m(1.72 J), 0.75 m(2.57 J)에서 1회 처리와 0.25 m에서 동일위치 4회(3.43 J)와 다른위치 4회(3.43 J)를 pendulum 방식으로 충격처리하여 저장성을 조사하였다. 모든 처리에서 저장 8.5개월 동안 품질과 저장성은 처리 간에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 양파 기계수확은 인력수확과 품질 및 저장성에서 차이가 없었고, 기계수확을 모의한 충격처리도 양파의 품질 및 저장성에 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 수확 기계의 제작과 기계수확 시 운전 조건에 대한 자료를 제공함으로써 향후 양파 수확 작업의 기계화 확대에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 지역특화기술개발사업(과제번호 PJ016168)의 지원에 의해 수행되었음.

References

  1. Cho J, Bae RN, Lee SK. Current research status of postharvest technology of onion (Allium cepa L.). Korean J Hort Sci Tech, 28, 522-527 (2010)
  2. Crete R, Tartier L, Devaux A. Diseases of Onions in Canada. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, p 23 (1981)
  3. FAOSTAT. Statistics division. Available from: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. Accessed Dec. 12, 2022.
  4. Fu H, Karkee M, He L, Duan J, Li J, Zhang Q. Bruise patterns of fresh market apples caused by fruit-to-fruit impact. Agronomy, 10, 59 (2020)
  5. Herold B, Oberbarnscheidt B, Geyer M. Mechanical load and its effect on bulb onions due to harvest and post-harvest handling. J Agric Engng Res, 71, 373-383 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1998.0336
  6. Hoftun H. Internal atmosphere and watery scales in onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.). Acta Hortic, 343, 135-140 (1993) https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1993.343.30
  7. Hussein Z, Fawole OA, Opara UL. Bruise damage susceptibility of pomegranates (Punica granatum, L.) and impact on fruit physiological response during short term storage. Sci Hortic, 246, 664-674 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.026
  8. Jin G, Park SH, Song EW, Choi KH, Yang HW, Kim HW, Kang TK. Development of Onion Harvester. Report of Rural Development Administration (2015)
  9. Kays SJ. Postharvest Physiology of Perishable Plant Product. AVI Book, New York, USA, p 378-385 (1991)
  10. Kim JH. Analysis of working condition of harvester by modeling physical properties of onion. MS Thesis, Kyungpook National University, Korea, p 28-36 (2018)
  11. Kim MS, Jung HM, Seo R, Park IK, Hwang YS. Estimation of allowable drop height for oriental pears by impact tests. J Biosyst Eng, 26, 461-468 (2001)
  12. KOSTA. Crop Production Survey (2022)
  13.  Kwon JH, Lee GD, Byun MW. Quality changes based on storage temperature and humidity of onion. Korean J Postharvest Sci Tecnol, 6, 143-147 (1999)
  14. MAFRA. Main Statistics of Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (2021)
  15. Opara L, Al-Ghafri A, Agzoun H, Al-Issai J, Al-Jabri F. Design and development of a new device for measuring susceptibility to impact damage of fresh produce. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci, 35, 245-251 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1080/01140670709510191
  16. Opara UL, Pathare PB. Bruise damage measurement and analysis of fresh horticultural produce: A review. Postharvest Biol Technol, 91, 9-24 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.12.009
  17. Petropoulos SA, Ntatsi G, Ferreira ICFR. Long-term storage of onion and the factors that affect its quality: A critical review. Food Rev Int, 33, 62-83 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2015.1137312
  18. Rabinowitch HD, Brewster JL. Onions and Allied Crops: Volume I: Botany, Physiology, and Genetics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, p 93-107 (1990)
  19. RDA. Survey on the Utilization Status of Agricultural Machinery (2019)
  20. RDA. Development of Mechanization Technology System for Whole Process in Onion and Garlic Production. Report of Rurla Development Administration, p 10-11 (2021)
  21. RDA. Onion: Agricultural Technology Guide. Jinhan M&B, p 171 (2021)
  22. Scherrer-Montero CR, Dos Santos LC, Andreazza CS, Getz BM, Bender RJ. Mechanical damages increase respiratory rates of citrus fruit. Int J Fruit Sci, 11, 256-263 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2011.608297
  23. Shafie MM, Rajabipour A, Mobli H. Determination of bruise incidence of pomegranate fruit under drop case. Int J Fruit Sci, 17, 296-309 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2017.1295416
  24. Solberg SO. Translucent scale and leathery scale disorders of onion bulbs: Describing symptoms and causes. Int J Veg Sci, 21, 188-203 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2013.859205
  25. Unuigbe OM, Onuoha SN. Assessment of impact damage to apple fruits. Niger J Technol, 320, 137-140 (2013)
  26. Ward CM. The influence of temperature on weight loss from stored onion bulbs due to desiccation, respiration and sprouting. Ann Appl Biol, 83, 149-155 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1976.tb01703.x