Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Competency and Entrepreneurial Intention of SME Workers: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Start-Up Efficacy and Start-Up Mentor

중소기업 종사자의 창업역량과 창업의도 간의 영향 관계: 창업효능감과 창업멘토링의 매개효과 중심으로

  • Oun Ju Lee (Dept. of Management Information, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University)
  • 이언주 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 )
  • Received : 2023.11.04
  • Accepted : 2023.12.28
  • Published : 2023.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study attempted to analyze the impact of individual entrepreneurial capabilities on entrepreneurial intention targeting small and medium-sized business employees, and sought to confirm the mediating effect of entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial mentoring between entrepreneurial capabilities and entrepreneurial intention. The sub-variables of entrepreneurship competency were analyzed separately into creativity, problem solving, communication, and marketing. 368 questionnaires collected from employees at small and medium-sized manufacturing companies located across the country were used for empirical analysis. A parallel dual mediation model with no causal relationship between parameters was used for empirical analysis using SPSS v26.0 and PROCESS macro v4.2. As a result of the analysis, first, among the start-up competencies, creativity, communication, and marketing were confirmed to have a significant positive (+) effect on start-up efficacy. Second, among the start-up competencies, creativity, communication, and marketing were tested to have a significant positive influence on start-up mentoring. Third, both startup efficacy and startup mentoring were found to have a significant positive influence on startup intention. Fourth, among start-up capabilities, creativity and marketing were confirmed to have a significant positive (+) effect on start-up intention. Fifth, startup efficacy and startup mentoring were found to have a mediating effect on startup intention except for problem solving among startup competencies. As a result, it was confirmed that in order to strengthen the intention to start a business among small and medium-sized business employees, start-up efficacy and start-up mentoring are important factors, and that marketing and creativity have an important influence among individual start-up capabilities, so education and prior preparation for these are necessary. As follow-up research, it will be necessary to apply multivariate models, analyze time series data, research considering external environmental factors, and test the difference between start-up capabilities and performance considering detailed population characteristics.

본 연구는 중소기업 종사자를 대상으로 개인의 창업역량이 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 했으며, 창업역량과 창업의도간에 창업효능감과 창업멘토링의 매개효과를 확인하고자 했다. 창업역량의 하위변수로는 창의성, 문제해결, 의사소통, 마케팅으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 전국에 소재하는 중소제조기업에서 종사자를 중심으로 수집한 설문지 368부를 실증 분석에 사용하였다. 매개변수 간 인과관계가 없는 병렬이중매개모형을 실증분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 창업역량 중에서 창의성, 의사소통, 마케팅은 창업효능감에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 창업역량 중에서 창의성, 의사소통, 마케팅은 창업멘토링에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 검정되었다. 셋째, 창업효능감과 창업멘토링 모두 창업 의도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 창업역량 중에서 창의성과 마케팅은 창업의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 다섯째, 창업효능감과 창업멘토링은 창업역량 중에서 문제해결을 제외하고 창업의도에 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 중소기업 종사자의 창업의도를 강화하기 위해서는 창업효능감과 창업멘토링이 중요한 요인이고 개인의 창업역량 중에서도 마케팅과 창의성이 중요한 영향을 미치기에 이에 대한 교육 및 사전준비가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 후속 연구로는 다변량 모형 적용이나 시계열 데이터 분석 및 외부 환경 요인을 고려한 연구, 세부화된 인구 특성을 고려한 창업역량과 성과 간의 차이를 검정하는 연구도 필요할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn(2015). The employment dynamics of less-educated men in the United States: Therole of self-employment. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'e'conomique, 481, 110-133. https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12119
  2. Ahn, E. J.(2020). Employment Environment Factors and Entrepreneurship of Employees on the Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on the mediated effects of perceived desirability and feasibility. Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  3. Ahn, T. U., & Lee, I. A.(2017). The Effects of Mentoring Education on Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention: focusing on College start-up clubs activity moderating effects. Korean Journal of Local Government & Administraion Studies, 31(3), 141-161.
  4. Bandura, A.(1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191.
  5. Boyd, N. G., & Vozikis, G. S,(1994). The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 18(4),63-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800404
  6. Chen, Y., & Hwang G. J.(2022). Effect of Moentor's Competency on Entrepreneurship Intention: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Memtoring Function. Humanities and Society 21, 13(5), 2591-2606.
  7. Cho, H. J., Choi, D. S., & Sung, C. S.(2020). A Study on the Effect of Entrepreneurial Mentoring on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediating Effects of Social Support and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 15(2), 81-96.
  8. Engle, R. L., Schlaegel, C., & Dimitriadi, N.(2011). Institutions and entrepreneurial intent: A cross-country study. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 16(02), 227-250. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946711001811
  9. Hahn, M. K.(2022). A study on the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention of potential entrepreneurs: Focusing on the mediating effect of entrepreneurship efficacy. Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University Graduate School of Venture.
  10. Hahn, M. K., & Ha, K. S.(2021). Effects of Entrepreneurship, Social Support and Entrepreneurial Mentoring on Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of the Korean Content Society, 21(10), 444-456.
  11. Hayes, A. F.(2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation and Conditional Process Analysis(Second Edition), Guilford.
  12. Jang, Y. M., & Ha, K. S.(2018). An empirical study on the effect of senior's entrepreneurial competency on entrepreneurial will. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 13(3), 13-36.
  13. Jung, H. R., & Yang, D. W.(2021). An Empirical Study on the Effects of Office Workers' Perception of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem on Entrepreneurial Intentions: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy. Korean Journal of Business Administration, 34(7), 1149-1181.
  14. Kang, Byeong Seung(2020). Impacts of Seniors' Entrepreneur Competency and Startup Support on Entrepreneurship Efficacy, Opportunity Awareness, and Startup Intention, Doctoral dissertation, Sejong University.
  15. Kang, J. H., & Yang, D. W.(2016). A study on the impact of college students' entrepreneurship on their entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial will: Focusing on the mediating effect of recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of the Korean Society of Industrial-Academic Technology, 17(1), 493-507.
  16. Kautonen, T., Down, S., & South, L.(2008). Enterprise support for older entrepreneurs: The case of PRIME in the UK, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 14(2), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550810863071
  17. Kim, C. H.(2022). The impact of college students' entrepreneurial mentoring on their entrepreneurial intention: Focusing on the moderating effect of social support. Journal of Korean Entrepreneurship Society, 17(6), 1-22.
  18. Kim, J. H., & Kwak, W. J.(2018). Effect of perceived benefits related to startup failure on startup intention: Mediating effect of entrepreneurship self-efficacy and moderating effect of the presence or absence of entrepreneurship experience. Human Resource Management Research, 25(4), 1-17.
  19. Kim, M. S., & Kim, Y. G.(2012). The effect of individual factors, education, and organizational factors of university students related to tourism on entrepreneurship intention: The mediating effect of entrepreneurship self-efficacy. Food Service Management Society, 15 (4), 61-84.
  20. Kim, M. S., & Lee, M. S.(2019). Effect of open innovation activities of technology-based start-up companies on performance: Focusing on early start-up companies in Busan. Industrial Economic Research, 32(6), 2417-2439. https://doi.org/10.22558/jieb.2019.12.32.6.2417
  21. Kim, Y. T.(2020). Effect of entrepreneurship education and mentoring on entrepreneurial will: Focusing on the mediating effect of self-efficacy and resilience. Venture Innovation Research, 3(1), 1-26.
  22. Kim, Y. T., & Heo, C. M.(2021). The Influence of Senior Entrepreneurship Competency and Start-up Support Policy on Entrepreneurship Intention: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Mentoring. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 16(2), 109-121.
  23. Kim, W. J.(2007). A Study on the Relationship between Entrepreneurship Characteristics and Small Business Performance. Master's thesis, Hanbat University
  24. Krueger, N., Reilly, M., & Carsrud, A.(2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 411-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
  25. Lee, H. Y.(2018). A study on the start-up competency model for each stage of growth to enhance the success rate of technology start-up companies. Doctoral dissertation, Chung-Ang University.
  26. Lee, J. Y., & Ha, T. K.(2022). An Empirical Study on the Effects of Seniors' Growth.Fixed Mindset and Entrepreneurial Ability on Entrepreneurial Intentions: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurship Efficasy. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 17(6), 89-104.
  27. Lee, J. K., & Seo, Y. W.(2019). The Effect of Young Entrepreneurs Characteristics and Environmental Factors on Business Performance: Focusing on the Absorptive Capacity and Interorganizational Networks. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 10(10), 185-195.
  28. Lee, Y. S.(2021). Effect of entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial attitude of college students on entrepreneurial intention. Doctoral dissertation, Konkuk University.
  29. Lim, H. C., & Noh, Y. J. N.(2016). The effect of Supporting Service for start-up companies on Start-up Competency and Management Performance in Food Service Industry. Tourism Research, 41(4), 273-293.
  30. McGee, J. E., Peterson, M., Mueller, S. L., & Sequeira, J. M.(2009). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Refining the measure. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(4), 965-988. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00304.x
  31. Mitchelmore, S., & Rowley, J.(2010). Entrepreneurial competencies: a literature review and development agenda. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(2), 92-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011026995
  32. Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., Fu, J., & Singhal, S.(2013). A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education: Conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 352-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12023
  33. Oh, H. J.(2023). A Study on the Effects of Entrepreneurial Competence on Sustainable Management Performance: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Mentoring Utilization. Master's Thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  34. Shin, H. S.(2021). The impact of active seniors' entrepreneurial capabilities on their entrepreneurial efficacy, entrepreneurship spirit, and will to start a business. Doctoral thesis, Sejong University.
  35. Shin, K. S., & Han, T. Y.(2015). The impact of job enthusiasm and sense of creation on middle-aged workers' retirement preparation: the mediating effect of mentoring and the effect of gender differences. Korean Psychological Association, 28(4), 609-634.
  36. Tran, A. T., & Von Korflesch, H.(2016). A conceptual model of social entrepreneurial intention based on the social cognitive career theory. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-12-2016-007
  37. Vesper, K. H.(1983). Entrepreneurship and national policy, Chicago: Walter E. Heller International Corporation.
  38. Wanberg, C. R., Welsh, E. T., & Hezlett, S. A.(2003). Mentoring research: A review and dynamic process model. In Research in personnel and human resources management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 22, 39-124.
  39. Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D.(2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00179.x
  40. Wu, S., & Wu, L.(2008). The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Entreprise Development, 15(4), 752-774.
  41. Yang, G. A., & Ha, G. S.(2020). A study on the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention of middle-aged people. Venture Entrepreneurship Research, 15(4), 45-55.
  42. Yoon, I. C.(2017). Effect on startup mentoring, education satisfaction, and startup intention according to the individual characteristic of university student. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 8(6), 265-273.
  43. Yu, Y. C., & Lee, W. I.(2023). The Effect of Satisfaction Level with the University Entrepreneurship Education, Recognition of Support System, and Mentoring on the Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 18(2), 187-200.
  44. Zhao, H., Hills, G. E. & Seibert, S. E.(2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90 (6), 1265-1272.