Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Introduction of a New Method for Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Stable Isotope Analysis of Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments

수환경 내 용존성 유기물질의 총 유기탄소 및 총 질소 안정동위원소 신규 분석법 소개

  • Si-yeong Park (Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Heeju Choi (Global Testing and Certification Center, Testing Laboratory) ;
  • Seoyeon Hong (Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Bo Ra Lim (Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Seoyeong Choi (Department of Environmental Science, Kongju National University) ;
  • Eun-Mi Kim (Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yujeong Huh (Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Soohyung Lee (Fundamental Environmental Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Min-Seob Kim (Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 박시영 (국립환경과학원 환경기반연구부 환경측정분석센터) ;
  • 최희주 (한국산업기술시험원 디지털산업본부 글로벌 시험인증센터) ;
  • 홍서연 (국립환경과학원 환경기반연구부 환경측정분석센터) ;
  • 임보라 (국립환경과학원 환경기반연구부 환경측정분석센터) ;
  • 최서영 (공주대학교 환경과학부) ;
  • 김은미 (국립환경과학원 환경기반연구부 환경측정분석센터) ;
  • 허유정 (국립환경과학원 환경기반연구부 환경측정분석센터) ;
  • 이수형 (국립환경과학원 환경기반연구부) ;
  • 김민섭 (국립환경과학원 환경기반연구부 환경측정분석센터)
  • Received : 2023.10.23
  • Accepted : 2023.10.26
  • Published : 2023.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key component in the biogeochemical cycling in freshwater ecosystem. However, it has been rarely explored, particularly complex river watershed dominated by natural and anthropogenic sources, such as various effluent facility and livestock. The current research developed a new analytical method for TOC/TN (Total Organic Carbon/Total Nitrogen) stable isotope ratio, and distinguish DOM source using stable isotope value (δ13C-DOC) and spectroscopic indices (fluorescence index [FI] and biological index [BIX]). The TOC/TN-IR/MS analytical system was optimized and precision and accuracy were secured using two international standards (IAEA-600 Caffein, IAEA-CH-6 Sucrose). As a result of controlling the instrumental conditions to enable TOC stable isotope analysis even in low-concentration environmental samples (<1 mgC L-1), the minimum detection limit was improved. The 12 potential DOM source were collected from watershed, which includes top-soils, groundwater, plant group (fallen leaves, riparian plants, suspended algae) and effluent group (pig and cow livestock, agricultural land, urban, industry facility, swine facility and wastewater treatment facilities). As a result of comparing characteristics between 12 sources using spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC values, it were divided into four groups according to their characteristics as a respective DOM sources. The current study established the TOC/TN stable isotope analyses system for the first time in Korea, and found that spectroscopic indices and δ13C-DOC are very useful tool to trace the origin of organic matter in the aquatic environments through library database.

본 연구는 TOC/TN-IRMS를 이용하여 총 유기탄소 및 총 질소 안정동위원소 분석법을 연구하였으며, 수환경 중저농도 시료에서도 분석이 가능하게 시스템을 구축하였다. 수생태계로 유입되는 다양한 유기탄소 기원을 파악하기 위하여 형광지표와 δ13C-DOC 안정동위원소비를 활용한다면 효율적인 수질 관리를 위한 해석기능을 제공할 것이며, 추후 유역 오염원의 대표값(end member)의 지속적인 조사를 통하여 자료구축이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2023년 환경부 국립환경과학원 "제2단계('19~'23) 환경다매체 오염원 추적자 탐색 및 현장 적용기법 연구(2023-01-01-117)"에서 수행되었습니다.

References

  1. Aiken, G., L.A. Kaplan and J. Weishaar. 2002. Assessment of relative accuracy in the determination of organic matter concentrations in aquatic systems. Journal of Evironmental Monitoring 4(1): 70-74. https://doi.org/10.1039/b107322m
  2. Begum, M.S., I. Jang, J.M. Lee, H.B. Oh, H. Jin and J.H. Park. 2019. Synergistic effects of urban tributary mixing on dissolved organic matter biodegradation in an impounded river system. Science of The Total Environment 676: 105-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.123
  3. Chen, M. and R. Jaffe. 2014. Photo- and bio-reactivity patterns of dissolved organic matter from biomass and soil leachates and surface waters in a subtropical wetland. Water Research 61: 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.075
  4. Costanzo, S.D., M.J. O'Donohue, W.C. Dennison, N.R. Loneragan and M. Thoma. 2001. A new approach for detecting and mapping sewage impacts. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42: 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00125-9
  5. Del Castillo, C.E., F. Gilbes, P.G. Coble and F.E. Muller-Karger. 2000. On the dispersal of riverine colored dissolved organic matter over the West Florida Shelf. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 1425-1432. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.6.1425
  6. Derrien, M., M.S. Kim, G. Ock, S. Hong, J. Cho, K.H. Shin, J. Hur. 2018. Estimation of different source contributions to sediment organic matter in an agricultural-forested watershed using end member mixing analyses based on stable isotope ratios and fluorescence spectroscopy. Science of The Total Environment 618: 569-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.067
  7. Derrien, M., K.H. Shin and J. Hur. 2019. Assessment on applicability of common source tracking tools for particulate organic matter in controlled end member mixing experiments. Science of The Total Environment 666: 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.258
  8. Federherr, E., C. Cerli, F.M.S.A. Kirkels, K. Kalbitz, H.J. Kupka, R. Dumsbach, L. Lange and T.C. Schmidt. 2014. A novel high-temperature combustion based system for stable isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in aqueous samples. I: development and validation. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28: 2559-2573. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7052
  9. Fry, B. 1984. 13C/12C ratios and the trophic importance of algae in Florida Syringodium filiforme seagrass meadows. Marine Biology 79: 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00404980
  10. Fry, B. 1988. Food web structure on Georges Bank from stable C, N, and S isotopic compositions. Limnology Oceanography 33: 1182-1190. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.5.1182
  11. Ghandi, H., T.N. Wiegner, P.H. Ostrom, L.A. Kaplan and N.E. Ostrom. 2004. Isotopic (13C) analysis of dissolved organic carbon in stream water using an elemental analyzer coupled to a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 18: 903-906. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1426
  12. Godfrey, L.V., C. Herrera, G.S. Burr, J. Houston, I. Aguirre and T.E. Jordan. 2021. δ13C and 14C activity of groundwater DOC and DIC in the volcanically active and arid Loa Basin of northern Chile. Journal of Hydrology 595: 125987.
  13. Huguet, A., L. Vacher, S. Relexans, S. Saubusse, J.M. Froidefond and E. Parlanti. 2009. Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary. Org. Geochem. 40(6): 706-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.03.002
  14. Kim, M.S., J.Y. Hwang, B.K. Kim, H.S. Cho, S.J. Youn, S.Y. Hong, W.S. Lee, O.S. Kwon and J.M. Kim. 2014. Determination of the Origin of Particulate Organic Matter at the Lake Paldang using Stable Isotope Ratios (δ13C, δ15N). Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 47(2): 127-134.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2014.47.2.127
  15. Kirkels, F.M.S.A., C. Cerli, E. Federherr, J. Gao and K. Kalbitz. 2014. A novel high-temperature combustion based system for stable isotope analysis of dissol ed organic carbon in aqueous samples. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28: 2574-2586. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7053
  16. Lambert, T., A.C. Pierson-Wickmann, G. Gruau, A. Jaffrezic, P. Petitjean, J.N. Thibault and L. Jeanneau. 2013. New insights from the use of carbon isotopes as tracers of DOC sources and DOC transport processes in headwater catchments. Biogeosciences 10: 17965-18007.
  17. Lambert, T., A.C. Pierson-Wickmann, G. Gruau, J.N. Thibault and A.L. Jaffezic. 2011. Carbon isotopes as tracers of dissolved organic carbon sources and water pathways in headwater catchments. Journal of Hydrology 402(3-4): 228-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.014
  18. Lebreton, B., J. Beseres Pollack, B. Blomberg, T.A. Palmer, L. Adams, G. Guillou and P.A. Montagna. 2016. Origin, composition and quality of suspended particulate organic matter in relation to freshwater inflow in a South Texas estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 170: 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.024
  19. Lee, Y.J., B.K. Jeong, Y.S. Shin, S.H. Kim and K.H. Shin. 2013. Determination of the Origin of Particulate Organic Matter at the Estuary of Youngsan River using Stable Isotope Ratios. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 46(2): 175-184.(in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2013.46.2.175
  20. Lee, D.H., S.H. Kim, E.J. Won, M.S. Kim, J. Hur and K.H. Shin. 2021. Integrated approach for quantitative estimation of particular organic carbon sources in a complex river system. Water Research 199: 117194.
  21. Lee, S.-A. and G. Kim. 2018. Sources, fluxes, and behaviors of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in the Nakdong River Estuary, Korea. Biogeosciences 15: 1115-1122. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1115-2018
  22. Lee, S.-A., T.-H. Kim and G. Kim. 2020. Tracing terrestrial versus marine sources of dissolved organic carbon in a coastal bay using stable carbon isotopes. Biogeosciences 17: 135-144. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-135-2020
  23. Lee, Y., S. Hong, M.S. Kim, D. Kim, B.H. Choi, J. Hur, J.S. Khim and K.H. Shin. 2017. Identification of sources and seasonal variability of organic matter in Lake Sihwa and surrounding inland creeks, South Korea. Chemosphere 177: 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.148
  24. Leenheer, J.A. and J.P. Croue. 2003. Peer reviewed: Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology 37: 18-26.
  25. Mcknight, D.M., E.W. Boyer, P.K. Westerhoff, P.T. Doran, T Kulbe and D.T. Andersen. 2001. Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity. Limnoogy and Oceanographyl 46(1): 38-48. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0038
  26. Murphy, K.R., C.A. Stedmon, P. Wenig and R.J.A.M. Bro. 2014. OpenFluor-an online spectral library of auto-fluorescence by organic compounds in the environment. Analytical Methods 6: 658-661. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3AY41935E
  27. Meyers, P.A. 1997. Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic, plaeolimnologic, and paleoclimatic processes. Organic Geochemistry 27: 213-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00049-1
  28. Moody, C.S. 2020. A comparison of methods for the extraction of dissolved organic matter from freshwaters. Water Research 184: 116114.
  29. Owens, J.F. 1987. Large-momentum-transfer production of direct photons, jets, and particles. Rev. Mod. Phys. 59: 465.
  30. Panetta, R.J., M. Ibrahim and Y. Gelinas. 2008. Coupling a high temperature catalytic oxidation total organic carbon analyzer to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer to measure natural abundance δ13C-dissolved organic carbon in marine and freshwater samples. Analytical Chemistry 80: 5232-5239. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac702641z
  31. Parlanti, E., K. Worz, L. Geoffroy and M. Lamotte. 2000. Dissolved organic matter fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to estimate biological activity in a coastal zone submitted to anthropogenic inputs. Organic Geochemistry 31: 1765-1781. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(00)00124-8
  32. Rau, G.H., R.E. Sweeney and I.R. Kaplan. 1982. Plankton 13C : 12C ratio changes with latitude: differences between northern and southern oceans. Deep-Sea Research 29: 1035-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(82)90026-7
  33. Smith, B.N. and S. Epstein. 1971. Two categories of 13C/12C ratios for higher plants. Plant Physiology 47: 380-384. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.47.3.380
  34. Tesdal, J.E., E.D. Gallbraith and M. Kienast. 2013. Nitrogen isotopes in bulk marine sediment - linking seafloor observations with subseafloor records. Biogeosciences 10: 101-118. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-101-2013
  35. Thorp, J.H. and M.D. Delong. 1994. The Riverine Productivity Model: An Heuristic View of Carbon Sources and Organic Processing in Large River Ecosystems. Oikos 70: 305-308. https://doi.org/10.2307/3545642
  36. Vignudelli, S., C. Santinelli, E. Murru, L. Nannicini and A. Seritti. 2004. Distributions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in coastal waters of the northern Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 60: 133-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2003.11.023
  37. Yang, L., S.W. Chang, H.S. Shin and J. Hur. 2015. Tracking the evolution of stream DOM source during storm events using end member mixing analysis based on DOM quality. Journal of Hydrology 523: 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.074
  38. Yoon, S-H., J.-H. Kim, H.-I. Yi, M. Yamamoto, J.-K. Gal, S. Kang and K.-H. Shin. 2016. Source, composition and reactivity of sedimentary organic carbon in the river-dominated marginal seas: a study of the eastern Yellow Sea (the northwestern Pacific). Continental Shelf Research 125: 114-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2016.07.010