Acknowledgement
This research was supported by IPET (Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Project No. 315017-05-2-SB030), and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Korea.
References
- AOAC., 1990, Official Method of Analysis, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
- Balasubramanian, B., Li, T., Kim, I. H., 2016, Effects of supplementing growing-finishing pig diets with Bacillus spp. probiotic on growth performance and meat-carcass grade quality traits, R. Bras. Zootec., 45, 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902016000300002
- Buege, J. A., Aust, S. D., 1978, Microsomal lipid peroxidation, Method in Enzymology., 52, 302-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6
- Cha, C. N., Park, E. K., Yoo, C. Y., Kim, S., Lee, H. J., 2015, Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on noxious gas emission and carcass quality grade in finishing pigs, J. Biomed. Res., 16, 72-76. https://doi.org/10.12729/jbr.2015.16.2.072
- Chen, P., Shan, A. S., Wang, A. Q., 2009, Effects of Ligustrum lucidum fruits on growth performance, antioxidation and meat quality in arbor acres broilers, Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 22, 700-705. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80537
- Cho, J. H., Chen, Y. J., Min, B. J., Kim, H. J., Shon, K. S., Kwon, O. S., Kim, J. D., Kim, I. H., 2005, Effect of dietary Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, immunological cell change, fecal NH3-N concentration and carcass meat quality characteristics in finishing pigs, Kor. J. Anim. Sci. Technol., 47, 937-946. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2005.47.6.937
- Connor, W. E., 2000, Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease, Am. J. Clin Nutr., 71,171-175. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.1.171S
- Du, M., Ahn, D. U., Sell, J. L., 2000, Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and linoleic/linolenic acid ration on polyunsaturated fatty acid status in laying hens, Poult. Sci., 79, 1749-1756. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1749
- Endo, T., Nakano, M., Shimizu, S., Fukushima, M., Miyoshi, S., 1999, Effects of a probiotic on lipid metabolism of cocks fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet, Biosci. Biotechno. Biochem., 63, 1569-1575. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.63.1569
- Fuller, R., 1989, A Review: Probiotics in man and animals, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 66, 365-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb05105.x
- Fuller, R., 1992, Probiotics: the scientific basis, 1st ed, New York, NY: Chapman & Hall.
- Honikel, K. O., 1987, How to measure the water-holding capacity of meat? Recommendation of standardized methods, p.129-142, Evaluation and control of meat quality in pigs. Springer, Dordrecht, Nederland.
- Jama, N., Muchenje, V., Chimonyo, M., Strydom, P. E., Dzama, K., Raats, J. G., 2008, Cooking loss components of beef from Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers, African J. Agric. Res., 3, 416-420.
- Jenkins, T. C., Thies, E. J., Mosley, E. E., 2001, Direct methylation procedure for converting fatty amides to fatty acid methyl ester in feed and digesta samples, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 49, 2142-2145. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001356x
- Jiang, J., 2011, Effect of ASTA on weight gain and meat quality on finishing pigs, Human Feed., 5, 40-43.
- Jin, S. K., Kim, I. S., Song, Y. M., Ha, J. H., Park, K. H., Lee, J. I., Lee, J. R., Lee, C. W., 2006, Effects of feeding probiotics on quality properties of pork, Kor. J. Food. Sci. Anim. Resour., 26, 49-57.
- Jukna, C., Junka, V., Simkus, A., 2005, The effect of probiotics and phytobiotics on meat properies and quality in pigs, Vet. ir Zootec., 29, 80-84.
- Kalavathy, R., Abdullah, N., Jalaludin, S., Wong, M., Ho, Y. W., 2006, Effects of Lactobacillus feed supplementation on cholesterol, fat content and fatty acid composition of the liver, muscle and carcass of broiler chickens, Anim. Res., 55, 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1051/animres:2005043
- Kim, H. Y., Kim, Y. J., Park, G. B., 2007, Effect of probiotic supplementation on the performance and quality characteristics of meat from finishing pigs, Kor. J. Food Sci. Anim. Resour., 27, 53-59. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2007.27.1.53
- Kumar, S. G., Gnanaraj, A. P. T., Sivakumar, T., Karthickeyan, S. M. K., Murugan, M., 2009, Effect of probiotic supplementation on the carcass traits and sensory qualities of swill fed pork, Tamilnadu J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 5, 157-160.
- Lee, H. J., Noh, H. T., Paradhipta, D. H. V., Joo, Y. H., Lee, S. S., Choi, J. S., Kim, D. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. C., 2021, Impact of supplementary microbial additives producing antimicrobial substances and digestive enzymes on growth performance, blood metabolites, and fecal microflora of weaning pigs. Animals, 11, 1217.
- Li, L., Chen, C. X., 2009, Effects of probiotics on meat quality of broilers and mechanism, Heilongjiang Anim. Sci. Vet. Medi., 11, 43-44.
- Liu, T. Y., Su, B. C., Wang, J. L., Zhang, C., Shan, A. S., 2013, Effects of probiotics on growth, pork quality and serum metabolites in growing-finishing pigs, J. Northest. Agric. Univ (English Edition)., 20, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-8104(14)60048-9
- Ma, Q. Z., 2011, A test on the effects of application for a multi-strain mixed feed ferment. Feed Industry., 32, 58-61.
- Meng, Q. W., Yan, L., Ao, X., Zhou, T. X., Wang, J. P., Lee, J. H., Kim, I. H., 2010, Influence of probiotics in different energy and nutrient density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and blood characteristics in growing-finishing pigs, J. Anim. Sci., 88, 3320-3326. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2308
- Millet, S., Maertens, L., 2011, The European ban on antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed: from challenges to opportunities, Vet. J., 187, 143-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.05.001
- Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., Watts, G. F., O'Neal, D. N., Best, J. D., Beilin, L. J., 2000, Purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have differential effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins, LDL particle size, glucose, and insulin in mildly hyperlipidemic men, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71, 1085-1094. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1085
- O'Toole, P. W., Cooney, J. C., 2008, Probiotic bacteria influence the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota, Interdiscip. perspect. infect. dis., Article ID 175285.
- Phillips, I., Casewell, M., Cox, T., De Groot, B., Friis, C., Jones, R., Nightingale, C., Preston, R., Waddell, J., 2004, Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 53, 28-52. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg483
- Shantha, N. C., Decker, E. A., 1994, Rapid, sensitive, iron-based spectrophotometric methods for determination of peroxide values of food lipids, J. AOAC. Inter., 77, 421-424. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.2.421
- Swan, J. E., Boles, J. A., 2002, Processing characteristics of beef roasts made from high and normal pH bull inside rounds, Meat Sci., 62, 399-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(02)00028-1
- Tufarelli, V., Crovace, A. M., Rossi, G., Laudadio, V., 2017, Effect of dietary probiotic blend on performance, blood characteristics, meat quality and faecal microbial shedding in growing-finishing pigs, South African J. Anim. Sci., 47, 875-882. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v47i6.15
- Wood, J. D., Enser, M., Fisher, A. V., Nute, G. R., Sheard, P. R., Richardson, R. I., Hughes, S. I., Whittington, F. M., 2008, Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality. A review, Meat Sci., 78, 343-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.07.019
- Woodman, R. J., Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., Watts, G. F., Beilin, L. J., 2002, Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension, Am J. Clin. Nutr., 76, 1007-1015. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1007
- Yoo, S. H., Hong, J. S., Yoo, H. B., Han, T. H., Jeong, J. H., Kim, Y. Y., 2018, Influence of various levels of milk by-products in weaner diets on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen, diarrhea incidence and pork quality of weaning to finishing pigs, Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 31, 696-704. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0840