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Optimal Asset Allocation for National Pension Considering Cohort-Specific Internal Rates of Return

코호트별 내부수익률을 고려한 국민연금 적정 자산배분

  • Received : 2023.10.27
  • Accepted : 2023.12.04
  • Published : 2023.12.31

Abstract

To improve the financial stability of the National Pension, an appropriate target rate of return should be established based on pension liabilities, and asset allocation policies should be formulated accordingly. The purpose of this study is to calculate the target rate of return considering the contributions of subscribers and the pension benefits, and based on this, derive an asset allocation. To do this, we utilized the internal rate of return methodology to calculate the target rate of return for each cohort. And then, we employed a Monte Carlo simulation-based re-sampling mean-variance model to derive asset allocation for each cohort that satisfy the target rate of return while minimizing risks. Our result shows that the target rate of return for each cohort ranged from 6.4% to 6.85%, and it decreased as the generations advanced due to a decrease in the income replacement rate of the National Pension. Consequently, the allocation of risky assets, such as stocks, was relatively reduced in the portfolios of future generations. This study holds significance in that it departs from the macroeconomic-based asset allocation methodology and proposes investments from an asset-liability management perspective, which considers the characteristics of subscribers' liabilities.

국민연금의 재정안정성 개선을 위해서는 연금부채를 기반으로 적절한 목표수익률이 설정되고 이를 기반으로 자산배분정책이 수립되어야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 가입자들의 보험료와 연금급여 수준이 고려된 목표수익률을 산출하고 이를 기반으로 자산배분안을 산출하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 내부수익률 방법론을 활용하여 코호트별로 목표수익률을 산출하였다. 다음으로, 본 연구는 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션 기반 리샘플링 평균-분산 모형을 활용하여 목표수익률을 만족하는 동시에 위험을 최소화하는 자산배분안을 코호트별로 산출하였다. 분석결과, 코호트별 목표수익률은 6.4%~6.85% 수준으로 산출되었으며 후세대로 갈수록 국민연금의 소득대체율 감소로 목표수익률은 감소하였다. 이에 따라 후세대의 포트폴리오에서 주식과 같은 위험자산의 투자 비중은 상대적으로 축소되었다. 본 연구는 거시경제 기반 자산배분 방법론에서 탈피하여 가입자들의 부채 특성을 반영하여 자산부채연계관점의 투자를 제안하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 동아대학교 교내 연구비 지원을 받아 연구되었다.

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