The Mathematical Education (한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육)

Korean Society of Mathematical Education (한국수학교육학회)
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Reflections on the instruction of even and odd numbers in elementary mathematics textbooks

초등학교 수학 교과서에 제시된 짝수와 홀수의 지도 내용에 대한 고찰

  • Kim, Leena (Graduate School of Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Pang, JeongSuk (Korea National University of Education)
  • Received : 2023.11.02
  • Accepted : 2023.11.24
  • Published : 2023.11.30
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Abstract

Even and odd numbers are taught in elementary school mathematics, but the introductory activities, definitions, and properties of sum on even and odd numbers vary depending on which grade they are presented. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the activities related to even and odd numbers presented in Korean mathematics textbooks developed under the different curriculum revisions, and to further analyze the related activities in foreign textbooks to draw implications for the teaching of even and odd numbers. In Korean textbooks, from the time of the fourth mathematics curriculum until the 2007 revision, even and odd numbers were covered in the multiples and divisors unit of the fifth grade textbook, while since the 2009 revision, the first grade textbook has covered the topic along with teaching numbers up to 50 or 100. In addition, the definitions of even and odd numbers varied depending on the grade level and the nature of the unit being taught, and activities addressing the properties of sum were only presented in the mathematics textbook under the third curriculum along with a few mathematics workbooks. In foreign textbooks, even and odd numbers were introduced in Grades 1, 2, or 5, and their related activities varied accordingly. Based on these findings, this study discusses the implications for the teaching of even and odd numbers.

짝수와 홀수는 초등학교 수학에서 다뤄지는 내용이지만 어느 학년에서 제시하느냐에 따라 도입하는 활동 및 정의 방식, 짝수와 홀수에 대한 합의 성질을 다루는 활동이 달라진다. 이에 본 연구는 우리나라 수학과 교육과정별 교과서에 제시된 짝수와 홀수 관련 활동을 비교 분석하고, 국외 교과서의 관련 활동을 추가적으로 분석하여 짝수와 홀수의 지도 방안에 대한 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 우리나라 교과서에서는 제4차 수학과 교육과정 시기부터 2007 개정 교육과정까지는 5학년 교과서의 배수와 약수 단원에서 짝수와 홀수를 다루었다. 반면 2009 개정 교육과정 이후로는 1학년 교과서에서 50 또는 100까지의 수를 지도하면서 해당 내용을 다루었다. 또한 짝수와 홀수의 정의는 지도하는 학년과 단원의 특성에 따라 달라졌으며 합의 성질을 다루는 활동은 제3차 수학과 교육과정에 따른 교과서와 일부 수학 익힘에만 제시되었다. 국외 교과서에서는 짝수와 홀수의 지도 시기가 1, 2, 5학년으로 다양하게 나타났으며 그에 따라 제시하는 활동이 모두 다르게 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 짝수와 홀수의 지도에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

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