DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Understanding postal delivery areas in the Republic of Korea using multiple unsupervised learning approaches

  • Han, Keejun (Intelligent Convergence Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) ;
  • Yu, Yeongwoong (Intelligent Convergence Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) ;
  • Na, Dong-gil (Intelligent Convergence Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) ;
  • Jung, Hoon (Intelligent Convergence Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) ;
  • Heo, Younggyo (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongju National University) ;
  • Jeong, Hyeoncheol (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongju National University) ;
  • Yun, Sunguk (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Jungeun (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2021.10.28
  • Accepted : 2022.02.20
  • Published : 2022.04.10

Abstract

Changes in household composition and the residential environment have had a considerable impact on the features of postal delivery regions in recent years, resulting in a large increase in the overall workload of domestic postal delivery services. In this paper, we provide complex analysis results for postal delivery areas using various unsupervised learning approaches. First, we extract highly influential features using several feature-engineering methods. Then, using quantitative and qualitative cluster analyses, we find the distinctive traits and semantics of postal delivery zones. Unsupervised learning approaches are useful for successfully grouping postal service zones, according to our findings. Furthermore, by comparing a postal delivery region to other areas in the same group, workload balancing was achieved.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion, Grant/Award Number: 1711125741; Institute of Information & communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP); Korea government (MSIT), Grant/Award Number: 2018-0-01664

References

  1. M. Kim, '52 hours a week'; couldn't stop overwork...three postmen died in two days, 2019. Available from: https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/893841.html [last accessed August 2021].
  2. S. Ahn and J. Kim, The cry of the postmen driven to death, 2019. Available from: https://www.sisajournal.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=187815 [last accessed August 2021].
  3. B. Kang, Sudden death doubled, suicide increased 8 times... but the post office is kept silence, 2020. Available from: https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=4436275 [last accessed August 2021].
  4. J. Lim, Postman cruelty, 2020. Available from: https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=4437575 [last accessed August 2021].
  5. S. Lee and H. Kim, An analysis of delivery environment for introduction of sequencing machines, (Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industial Engineers Conference), 2007, pp. 117-123.
  6. G. Sun, Y. Song, and S. Yee, A study on a model for measuring standard workload of mailman, J. Ind. Econ.Bus. 21 (2008), no. 5, 2203-2223.
  7. H. Yang, J. Eun, J. Jin, G. Kim, and S. Im, A study on calculation of the number of mailman in a post office, Korea Institute of Public Administration (KIPA), 2007.
  8. S. Lee and B. Cha, Review on the workload measurement models for the postal delivery service, Postal Rogistic Technol. Rev. 9 (2010), no. 4, 61-77.
  9. H. Ghaderi, P. Tsai, L. Zhang, and A. Moayedikia, An integrated crowdshipping framework for green last mile delivery, Sustain. Cities Soc. 78 (2022), 103552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103552
  10. J. Chen, T. Fan, Q. Gu, and F. Pan, Emerging technology-based online scheduling for instant delivery in the o2o retail era, Electron. Commerce Res. Appl. 51 (2022), 101115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101115
  11. A. Pani, S. Mishra, M. Golias, and M. Figliozzi, Evaluating public acceptance of autonomous delivery robots during COVID-19 pandemic, Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 89 (2020), 102600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102600
  12. Y. Zhang, L. Sun, X. Hu, and C. Zhao, Order consolidation for the last-mile split delivery in online retailing, Transp. Res. Part E: Logistics Transp. Rev. 122 (2019), 309-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2018.12.011
  13. S. Lee, M. Park, C. Cha, J. Shim, and B. Cha, A study on workload measurement model for the postal delivery service, IE Interface 25 (2012), no. 2, 196-203. https://doi.org/10.7232/IEIF.2012.25.2.196
  14. E. Kim, H. Lee, H. Park, H. Huh, L. Sang, and C. Cha, WTM-based postal delivery workload analysis study, (Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industial Engineers Conference), 2012, pp. 281-286.
  15. J. Park and J. Park, System architecture for work load management of postal delivery operation, (The 4th International Conference on Interaction Sciences, Busan, Rep. of Korea), 2011, pp. 200-204.
  16. E. Kim, J. Lee, Y. Yu, and H. Jung, Workload estimation method for contractual delivery service, (Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industial Engineers Conference, Jeju, Rep. of Korea), Apr. 2015, pp. 2065-2069.
  17. I. Ko, D. Chambers, and E. Barrett, Unsupervised learning with hierarchical feature selection for DDOS mitigation within the ISP domain, ETRI J. 41 (2019), no. 5, 574-584. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2019-0109
  18. J. O. Strandhagen, L. R. Vallandingham, and G. Fragapane, Logistics 4.0 and emerging sustainable business models, Adv. Manuf. 5 (2017), 359-369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-017-0198-1
  19. C. Prinz, F. Morlock, S. Freith, N. Kreggenfeld, D. Kreimeier, and B. Kuhlenktter, Learning factory modules for smart factories in Industrie 4.0, Procedia CIRP 54 (2016), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.05.105
  20. K. Wong and J. Beasley, Vehicle routing using fixed delivery areas, Omega-Int. J. Manag. Sci. 12 (1984), no. 6, 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(84)90062-8
  21. T. Parriani, M. Pozzi, D. Vigo, and F. Cruijssen, Creation of optimal service zones for the delivery of express packages, A View of Operations Research Applications in Italy, 2018, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019, pp. 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25842-9_2
  22. R. T. Wong, Vehicle Routing for Small Package Delivery and Pickup Services, Springer, Boston, 2008.
  23. J. Carlsson, Dividing a territory among several vehicles, INFORMS J. Comput. 24 (2012), no. 4, 565-577. https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.1110.0479
  24. D. Haugland, S. Ho, and G. Laporte, Designing delivery districts for the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 180 (2007), no. 3, 997-1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.11.070
  25. M. Schneider, A. Stenger, F. Schwahn, and D. Vigo, Territory-based vehicle routing in the presence of time-window constraints, Transp. Sci. 49 (2014), no. 4, 732-751. https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2014.0539
  26. M. Barzegar, A. Sadeghi-Niaraki, and M. Shakeri, Spatial experience based route finding using ontologies, ETRI J. 42 (2020), no. 2, 247-257. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.2017-0246
  27. A. Goodchild and J. Toy, Delivery by drone: An evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicle technology in reducing co2 emissions in the delivery service industry, Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ. 61 (2018), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.02.017
  28. V. Gatta, E. Marcucci, M. Nigro, S. M. Patella, and S. Serafini, Public transport-based crowdshipping for sustainable city logistics: Assessing economic and environmental impacts, Sustainability 11 (2019), 145. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/1/145
  29. J. Yu and A. Lam, Autonomous vehicle logistic system: Joint routing and charging strategy, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 19 (2018), no. 7, 2175-2187. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2017.2766682
  30. Y. Li, M. Dong, and J. Hua, Localized feature selection for clustering and its application in image grouping, (IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, Beijing, China), Aug. 2007, pp. 651-654.
  31. M. Porter and P. Niksiar, Multidimensional mechanics: Performance mapping of natural biological systems using permutated radar charts, PLoS ONE 13 (2018), e0204309. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204309
  32. K. Han, M. Y. Yi, and J. Kim, Search personalization in folksonomy by exploiting multiple and temporal aspects of user profiles, IEEE Access 7 (2019), 95610-95619. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2927026
  33. C. Lee, D. Han, K. Han, and M. Yi, Improving graph-based movie recommender system using cinematic experience, Appl. Sci. 12 (2022), no. 3, 1493. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/3/1493 https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031493