참고문헌
- Grimwade K, Swingler G. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in children with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003: CD003508. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003508
- Kaplan JE, Hanson D, Dworkin MS, Frederick T, Bertolli J, Lindegren ML, Holmberg S, Jones JL. Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-associated opportunistic infections in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30 (suppl): 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1086/313843
- Morris A, Lundgren JD, Masur H, Walzer PD, Hanson DL, Frederick T, Huang L, Beard CB, Kaplan JE. Current epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10: 1713-1720. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1010.030985
- Lee HY, Choi SH, Kim T, Chang J, Kim SH, Lee SO, Kim MN, Sung H. Epidemiologic trends and clinical features of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Non-HIV patients in a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Korea over a 15-year-period. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 72: 270-273. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2018.400
- Seo HJ, Kim SY, Lee YJ, Jang BH, Park JE, Sheen SS, Hahn SK. A newly developed tool for classifying study designs in systematic reviews of interventions and exposures showed substantial reliability and validity. J Clin Epidemiol 2016; 70: 200-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.09.013
- Kulldorff M. A spatial scan statistic. Commun Stat-Theor M 1997; 26: 1481-1496. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610929708831995
- Stelling J, Yih WK, Galas M, Kulldorff M, Pichel M, Terragno R, Tuduri E, Espetxe S, Binsztein N, O'Brien TF, Platt R. Automated use of WHONET and SaTScan to detect outbreaks of Shigella spp. using antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Epidemiol Infect 2010; 138: 873-883. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809990884
- Mathes RW, Lall R, Levin-Rector A, Sell J, Paladini M, Konty KJ, Olson D, Weiss D. Evaluating and implementing temporal, spatial, and spatio-temporal methods for outbreak detection in a local syndromic surveillance system. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0184419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184419
- Chen J, Roth RE, Naito AT, Lengerich EJ, Maceachren AM. Geovisual analytics to enhance spatial scan statistic interpretation: an analysis of U.S. cervical cancer mortality. Int J Health Geogr 2008; 7: 57-74. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-7-57
- Kulldorff M, Nagarwalla N. Spatial disease clusters: detection and inference. Stat Med 1995; 14: 799-810. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780140809
- Wang W, Zhang T, Yin F, Xiao X, Chen S, Zhang X, Li X, Ma Y. Using the maximum clustering heterogeneous set-proportion to select the maximum window size for the spatial scan statistic. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 4900-4913. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61829-y
- Yoo H, Jung I. Optimizing the maximum reported cluster size for normal-based spatial scan statistics. CSAM 2018; 25: 373-383. https://doi.org/10.29220/CSAM.2018.25.4.373
- Azage M, Kumie A, Worku A, Bagtzoglou AC. Childhood diarrhea exhibits spatiotemporal variation in northwest Ethiopia: a SaTScan spatial statistical analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144690
- Clegg LX, Hankey BF, Tiwari R, Feuer EJ, Edwards BK. Estimating average annual per cent change in trend analysis. Stat Med 2009;28:3670-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3733
- Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, Midthune DN. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med 2000; 19: 335-351. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258 (20000215)19:3<335::aid-sim336>3.0.co;2-z
- Molnar A, Iancu M, Radu R, Borzan CM. A joinpoint regression analysis of syphilis and gonorrhea incidence in 15-19-year old adolescents between 2005 and 2017: a regional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17: 5385-5396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155385
- Lee HY, Choi SH, Kim T, Chang J, Kim SH, Lee SO, Kim MN, Sung H. Epidemiologic trends and clinical features of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in non-HIV Patients in a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Korea over a 15-Year-Period. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 72: 270-273. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2018.400
- Choi Y, Choi BY, Kim SM, Kim SI, Kim J, Choi JY, Kim SW, Song JY, Kim YJ, Park DW, Kim HY, Choi HJ, Kee MK, Shin YH, Yoo M. Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infected Korean: Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study. Epidemiol Health 2019; 41:e2019037. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019037
- Affairs KIFHaS. Health and Medical Resources Survey [internet]; [cited 2022 May 25]. Available from: https://www.kihasa.re.kr/ (in Korean).
- Vera C, Rueda ZV. Transmission and colonization of Pneumocystis jirovecii. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7: 979-994. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110979
- Chabe M, Durand-Joly I, Dei-Cas E. Transmission of Pneumocystis infection in humans. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28: 599-604 (in French). https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2012286012
- Gigliotti F, Harmsen AG, Wright TW. Characterization of transmission of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris through immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 3852-3856. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.7.3852-3856.2003
- Dumoulin A, Mazars E, Seguy N, Gargallo-Viola D, Vargas S, Cailliez JC, Aliouat EM, Wakefield AE, Dei-Cas E. Transmission of Pneumocystis carinii disease from immunocompetent contacts of infected hosts to susceptible hosts. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19:671-678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100960000354.
- Sokulska M, Kicia M, Wesolowska M, Hendrich AB. Pneumocystis jirovecii--from a commensal to pathogen: clinical and diagnostic review. Parasitol Res 2015; 114: 3577-3585. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s00436-015-4678-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4678-6
- Miller RF, Evans HER, Copas AJ, Cassell JA. Climate and genotypes of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13: 445-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01641.x
- Walzer PD. The ecology of pneumocystis: perspectives, personal recollections, and future research opportunities. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2013; 60: 634-645. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12072
- Dunbar A, Schauwvlieghe A, Algoe S, van Hellemond JJ, Reynders M, Vandecasteele S, Boelens J, Depuydt P, Rijnders B. Epidemiology of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and (non-)use of prophylaxis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10: 224-230. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00224
- Andreasen PB, Rezahosseini O, Moller DL, Wareham NE, Thomsen MT, Houmami R, Knudsen AD, Knudsen J, Kurtzhals JAL, Rostved AA, Pedersen CR, Rasmussen A, Nielsen SD. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in liver transplant recipients in an era of routine prophylaxis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10: 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.546
- Chan SCW, Chung HY, Lau CS, Li PH. Epidemiology, mortality and effectiveness of prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia among rheumatic patients: a territory-wide study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20: 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-021-00483-2
- Pruett TL. Pneumocystis jirovecii: the changing landscape for prophylaxis. Transplantation 2021; 105: 2142-2143. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000003577
- National Institute of Organ, Tissue, Blood Management. Organ Transplantation and Human Tissue Donation Statistics Annual Report 2020. National Institute of Organ, Tissue, Blood Management. Seoul, Korea (in Korean). Available from: https://www.konos.go.kr/board/boardListPage.do?page=sub4_2_1&boardId=30
- Oh SJ, Lee JK, Shin OS. Aging and the immune system: the impact of immunosenescence on viral infection, immunity and vaccine immunogenicity. Immune Netw 2019; 19: e37. https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2019.19.e37
- Bajaj V, Gadi N, Spihlman AP, Wu SC, Choi CH, Moulton VR. Aging, immunity, and COVID-19: how age influences the host immune response to coronavirus infections? Front Physiol 2020; 11: 571416. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.571416
- Hong H, Wang Q, Li J, Liu H, Meng X, Zhang H. Aging, cancer and immunity. J Cancer 2019; 10: 3021-3027. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.30723
- Green H, Paul M, Vidal L, Leibovici L. Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised non-HIV-infected patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mayo Clin Proc 2007; 82: 1052-1059. https://doi.org/10.4065/82.9.1052
- Lin X, Garg S, Mattson CL, Luo Q, Skarbinski J. Prescription of Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2016; 15: 455-458. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325957416667486
- Stern A, Green H, Paul M, Vidal L, Leibovici L. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014: CD005590. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005590.pub3
- Radhi S, Alexander T, Ukwu M, Saleh S, Morris A. Outcome of HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia in hospitalized patients from 2000 through 2003. BMC Infect Dis 2008; 8: 118-127. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-8-118
- Huang L, Hecht FM, Stansell JD, Montanti R, Hadley WK, Hopewell PC. Suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with a negative induced sputum examination. Is early bronchoscopy useful? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 1866-1871. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767533
- Sokulska M, Kicia M, Wesolowska M, Piesiak P, Kowal A, Lobo ML, Kopacz Z, Hendrich AB, Matos O. Genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii in colonized patients with various pulmonary diseases. Med Mycol 2018; 56: 809-815. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myx121
- Asai N, Motojima S, Ohkuni Y, Matsunuma R, Nakashita T, Kaneko N, Mikamo H. Pathophysiological mechanism of nonHIV Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Respir Investig 2022; 60: 522-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2022.04.002
- Xue T, Du WQ, Dai WJ, Li YS, Wang SF, Wang JL, Zhang XR. Genetic polymorphisms of Pneumocystis jirovecii in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in northern China. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71: 27-34. https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-002
- Alanio A, Gits-Muselli M, Guigue N, Desnos-Ollivier M, Calderon EJ, Di Cave D, Dupont D, Hamprecht A, Hauser PM, HelwegLarsen J, Kicia M, Lagrou K, Lengerova M, Matos O, Melchers WJG, Morio F, Nevez G, Totet A, White LP, Bretagne S. Diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii across Europe: a multicentre observational study. EBioMedicine 2017; 22: 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.027
- Mahajan AP, Sayles JN, Patel VA, Remien RH, Sawires SR, Ortiz DJ, Szekeres G, Coates TJ. Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward. AIDS 2008; 22 (suppl): 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000327438.13291.62
- Fauk NK, Hawke K, Mwanri L, Ward PR. Stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV in the context of families, communities, and healthcare settings: a qualitative study in Indonesia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18: 5424-5440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105424
- Kim JM, Kim NJ, Choi JY, Chin BS. History of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Korea. Infect Chemother 2020; 52:234-244. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.234.
- Oh MD, Park SW, Kim HB, Kim US, Kim NJ, Choi HJ, Shin DH, Lee JS, Choe K. Spectrum of opportunistic infections and malignancies in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in South Korea. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:1524-1528. https://doi.org/10.1086/313516.
- Kim JM, Cho GJ, Hong SK, Chang KH, Chung JS, Choi YH, Song YG, Huh A, Yeom JS, Lee KS, Choi JY. Epidemiology and clinical features of HIV infection/AIDS in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2003; 44: 363-370. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2003.44.3.363
- Nam K, Park SH, Lee J, Jo S, Kim SO, Noh S, Park JC, Kim JY, Kim J, Ham NS, Oh EH, Song EM, Hwang SW, Yang DH, Ye BD, Byeon JS, Myung SJ, Yang SK. Incidence and risk factors of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35: 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14832
- Lee G, Koo TY, Kim HW, Lee DR, Lee DW, Oh J, Kim BS, Kim MS, Yang J, Kotry Study Group. Comparison of early and late Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in kidney transplant patients: the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY) Study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10682-10692. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14580-5
- Kim YJ, Woo JH, Kim MJ, Park DW, Song JY, Kim SW, Choi JY, Kim JM, Han SH, Lee JS, Choi BY, Lee JS, Kim SS, Kee MK, Kang MW, Kim SI. Opportunistic diseases among HIV-infected patients: a multicenter-nationwide Korean HIV/AIDS cohort study, 2006 to 2013. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31: 953-960. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2014.322
- Choi EY, Kim JO, Kim YS, Yoon HJ, Jun JB, Sung YK. A case of Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheum Dis 2012; 19: 359-363 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2012.19.6.359