Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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The Effect of Entrepreneurial Knowledge Acquisition on Entrepreneurial Intention via Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Family Entrepreneurship Background

창업지식습득이 창업자기효능감을 매개로 창업의도에 미치는 영향: 창업자 가족배경의 조절된 매개효과를 중심으로

  • Lee, Juyon (Institute of Management Research, Seoul National University)
  • 이주연 (서울대학교 경영연구소)
  • Received : 2022.07.10
  • Accepted : 2022.08.27
  • Published : 2022.08.30
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Abstract

Empirical studies on entrepreneurial intentions have been conducted from various perspectives over the past few decades. The unemployment rate has increased as the global economy stagnates in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, and entrepreneurship is emerging as an alternative to job creation. Although numerous antecedent variables have positive effects on entrepreneurial intention, this study focuses on entrepreneurial self-efficacy as an individual factor and the entrepreneur's family background as an environmental factor. This study analyzed the survey results of 300 global respondents through the online survey platform Prolific. The respondents were screened by asking a question about having had entrepreneurial education. Since the effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention have been proved in numerous domestic studies, this study aims to generalize these results by investigating global samples. The moderated mediation analysis was performed using PROCESS to verify the research hypotheses. This research investigated the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge acquisition on entrepreneurial intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the moderated mediation effect of the family background of entrepreneurs. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, acquisition of entrepreneurial knowledge had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Second, entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediated the relationship between entrepreneurship knowledge acquisition and entrepreneurial intention. Third, the entrepreneurship family background moderated this relationship. Specifically, when the family entrepreneurship background is strong (vs. weak), the positive effect of entrepreneurial knowledge acquisition on entrepreneurial intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly increased. The implications of this study are as follows. First, in the process of preparing for a own business, entrepreneurial education is a necessary condition to improve the entrepreneurial intention. Second, the higher the level of acquisition of entrepreneurial knowledge, the more positive attitudes toward entrepreneurial intention can be induced. Third, strong family background of entrepreneurship further promotes entrepreneurship intention by increasing entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In conclusion, in order to revitalize entrepreneurship, it is important to provide various entrepreneurial education programs. These educational programs will be able to improve entrepreneurial self-efficacy by providing more opportunities for students to acquire entrepreneurial knowledge, and thereby promote entrepreneurial intention. In addition, it is important to develop and provide advanced educational curriculum for those who have start-up business experiences in their families.

창업의도에 관한 실증연구는 지난 수년간 다양한 관점에서 진행되어왔다. 최근에는 COVID-19 팬데믹의 여파로 전 세계적으로 경기가 침체되면서 실업률이 증가하고 있으며 창업이 고용 창출의 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 창업의도에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 수많은 선행 변수들이 있지만, 본 연구에서는 창업자 개인의 특성이라 볼 수 있는 창업 자기효능감과 환경적 특성인 창업자 가족배경에 초첨을 맞추어 이 변수들이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구는 스크리닝 질문을 통하여 창업교육을 받은 경험이 있는 사람을 대상으로 Prolific에서 300명의 글로벌 응답자에 대한 온라인 조사로 진행되었다. 창업자기효능감의 매개효과에 대한 연구는 국내 연구에서 다수 확인된 바가 있으므로 본 연구에서는 글로벌 샘플을 대상으로 하여 연구의 일반화를 도모하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창업지식습득은 창업의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 창업자기효능감은 창업지식습득과 창업의도의 관계를 매개하였다. 셋째, 창업자 가족배경은 이 관계를 조절하였다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 창업지식습득 수준이 낮을 때에는 창업자 가족배경의 낮고 높음에 상관없이 창업의도가 낮은 반면, 창업지식습득수준이 높을 때에는 창업자 가족배경이 낮을 때에 비하여 창업자 가족배경이 높은 경우에 창업의도가 증가하였다. 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창업 준비 과정에서 창업교육이 창업의도를 향상하는데 필요한 조건이며, 성공적인 창업을 위해서는 지속적인 창업교육이 이루어져야 한다. 둘째, 창업지식습득 수준을 높일수록 창업자기효능감이 높아지고 궁극적으로 창업의도 또한 고양시킬 수 있다. 셋째, 가족 중에 창업 경험이 있는 경우 창업 심화 과정을 이수하도록 하여 창업자기효능감을 증진시켜 창업을 더욱 촉진할 수 있다. 결론적으로 대학생들의 창업 활성화를 위해서는 창업 활동, 창업 교육 등 창업 관련 프로그램 활성화가 중요하다. 따라서 교육기관은 학생들이 창업지식습득을 할 수 있는 기회를 더 많이 제공함으로써 창업자기효능감을 향상시키고, 이를 통하여 창업의도를 높일 수 있도록 다양한 수준의 창업프로그램을 개발하고 제공해야 한다. 또한 가족 중에 창업 경험이 있는 사람들을 위한 창업지원 정책이나 심화 교육 과정을 개발할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

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