International Journal of Stem Cells

Korean Society for Stem Cell Research (한국줄기세포학회)
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Region Specific Brain Organoids to Study Neurodevelopmental Disorders

  • Praveen Joseph Susaimanickam (Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine) ;
  • Ferdi Ridvan Kiral (Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine) ;
  • In-Hyun Park (Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2022.01.08
  • Accepted : 2022.01.17
  • Published : 2022.02.28
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Abstract

Region specific brain organoids are brain organoids derived by patterning protocols using extrinsic signals as opposed to cerebral organoids obtained by self-patterning. The main focus of this review is to discuss various region-specific brain organoids developed so far and their application in modeling neurodevelopmental disease. We first discuss the principles of neural axis formation by series of growth factors, such as SHH, WNT, BMP signalings, that are critical to generate various region-specific brain organoids. Then we discuss various neurodevelopmental disorders modeled so far with these region-specific brain organoids, and findings made on mechanism and treatment options for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD).

Keywords

Acknowledgement

I.-H. P. was partly supported by NIH (R01MH118344-01A1, R01MH118554-01A1), CSCRF (16-RMB-YALE-04), Kavli Foundation, Simons Foundation, Foundation for Angelman Syndrome Therapeutics, Chen Innovation Award, and Nomis foundation. We apologize to colleagues whose work we could not cite due to space limitation.

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