Genomics & Informatics

Korea Genome Organization (한국유전체학회)
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Associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the interleukin-18 gene and breast cancer in Iraqi women

  • Zakariya, Bilal Fadil (Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, Cankiri Karatekin University) ;
  • Almohaidi, Asmaa M. Salih (Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad) ;
  • Simsek, Secil Akilli (Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, Cankiri Karatekin University) ;
  • Kamal, Areege Mustafa (Department of Pathology/Oncology, Medical City Teaching Hospital) ;
  • Al-Dabbagh, Wijdan H. (Department of Oncology, Medical City Teaching Hospital) ;
  • Al-Waysi, Safaa A. (Department of Microbiology, Medical City Teaching Hospital)
  • Received : 2022.04.22
  • Accepted : 2022.06.13
  • Published : 2022.06.30
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Abstract

According to long-term projections, by 2030, the world's population is predicted to reach 7.5 billion individuals, and there will be roughly 27 million new cancer cases diagnosed. The global burden of breast cancer (BC) is expected to rise. According to the Ministry of Health-Iraqi Cancer Registry, cancer is the second largest cause of death after cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the interleukin-18 (IL18) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -607C/A rs1946518 and -137G/C rs187238 using the sequence-specific amplification-polymerase chain reaction approach. Regarding the position -607C/A, there was a highly significant difference between the observed and expected frequencies in patients and controls (χ2 = 3.16 and χ2 = 16.5), respectively. The AA and CA genotypes were associated with significantly increased BC risk (odds ratio [OR], 3.68; p = 0.004 and OR, 2.83; p = 0.04, respectively). Women with the A allele had a 5.03-fold increased susceptibility to BC. The C allele may be a protective allele against BC (OR, 0.19). Although position -137G/C showed no significant differences in the CC genotype distribution (p = 0.18), the frequency of the CC genotype was significantly higher in patients than in controls. In contrast, patients had a significantly higher frequency of GC genotypes than controls (p = 0.04), which was associated with an increased risk of developing BC (OR, 2.63). The G allele frequency was significantly lower in patients than in controls (55.0% vs. 76.2%, respectively). This SNP may be considered a common genotype in the Iraqi population, with the wild-type G allele having a protective function (OR, 0.19) and the mutant C allele having an environmental effect (OR, 2.63).

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to everyone who volunteered for this study. We want to express our heartfelt gratitude to the entire Institute of Science at Cankiri Karatekin University staff for their kind assistance. Also, many thanks go to all the staff at the Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, especially the Cancer Research Laboratory, for their help with the diagnosis and sample collection.

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