Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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The Microbiome-Immune Axis Therapeutic Effects in Cancer Treatments

  • Son, Young Min (Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Jihwan (Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University)
  • Received : 2022.08.03
  • Accepted : 2022.08.16
  • Published : 2022.09.28
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Abstract

During the last decades, research and therapeutic methods in cancer treatment have been evolving. As the results, nowadays, cancer patients are receiving several types of treatments, ranging from chemotherapy and radiation therapy to surgery and immunotherapy. In fact, most cancer patients take a combination of current anti-cancer therapies to improve the efficacy of treatment. However, current strategies still cause some side effects to patients, such as pain and depression. Therefore, there is the need to discover better ways to eradicate cancer whilst minimizing side effects. Recently, immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, is rising as an effective anti-cancer treatment. Unlike chemotherapy or radiation therapy, immunotherapy has few side effects and a higher tumor cell removal efficacy depend on cellular immunological mechanisms. Moreover, recent studies suggest that tissue immune responses are regulated by their microbiome composition. Each tissue has their specific microenvironment, which makes their microbiome composition different, particularly in the context of different types of cancer, such as breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, and skin. Herein, we review the current understanding of the relationship of immune responses and tissue microbiome in cancer in both animal and human studies. Moreover, we discuss the cancer-microbiome-immune axis in the context of cancer development and treatment. Finally, we speculate on strategies to control tissue microbiome alterations that may synergistically affect the immune system and impact cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the "Chung-Ang University Research Grants in 2022" and by the "National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)" grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2022R1F1A107323411). All figures were created with BioRender.

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