Journal of Navigation and Port Research (한국항해항만학회지)

Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research (한국항해항만학회)
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A Study on the Change of Hire Payment Method to Reduce the FFA Basis Risk

FFA 베이시스위험 축소를 위한 용선료 지급기준 변경의 타당성 검토

  • Lee, Seung-Cheol (Graduate School of Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Yun, Heesung (Graduate School of Maritime Finance, Korea Maritime and Ocean University)
  • 이승철 (한국해양대학교) ;
  • 윤희성 (한국해양대학교 해양금융대학원)
  • Received : 2022.08.09
  • Accepted : 2022.08.20
  • Published : 2022.08.31
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Abstract

While the Forward Freight Agreement (FFA) has emerged as an effective hedging tool since early 1990, the basis risk and cash flow distortions have been addressed as obstacles to the active use of FFAs. This research analyses the basis risk of FFAs and provides a feasible suggestion to reduce it. Basis risk is divided into timing basis, route basis, size basis, and low liquidity basis. The timing basis is defined as the difference between the physical hire, fixed on the specific contract date and the FFA settlement price, calculated by averaging spot rates for a certain period. Timing basis is considered the worst in eroding the effectiveness of FFAs. This paper suggests a change of hire payment criterion from contract date to 15-day moving average, as a means of mitigating the basis risk, and analyzed the effectiveness through historical simulation. The result revealed that the change is effective in mitigating the timing basis. This study delivers a meaningful implication to shipping practice in that the change of hire payment criterion mitigates the basis risk and eventually activates the use of FFAs in the future.

FFA는 1990년대 초반 이후 시장위험의 헤징을 위한 유효한 수단으로 대두되었지만 베이시스위험으로 헤징의 효과성이 크게 저해될 수 있다는 점과 현금흐름의 불일치 등이 활성화의 장애요인으로 지적된다. 본 연구는 FFA의 헤징효과에 영향을 미치는 베이시스위험에 대하여 분석하고 이를 축소하기 위한 대안을 제시한다. 베이시스위험은 시점불일치, 항로불일치, 선박크기불일치 및 저유동성 베이시스위험으로 구분할 수 있는데 그 중 시점불일치 베이시스위험은 특정일 기준으로 지급되는 실물 선박의 용선료와 일정기간의 평균으로 정산되는 FFA의 정산가격과의 차이에 의해서 발생하는 것으로 헤징오류 원인 중 가장 큰 차이를 발생시키는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 성약일 기준 용선료를 15일 간격 이동평균 용선료로 변경한다는 대안을 제시하고 이의 차이와 운임선도거래 정산가격과의 차이를 도출하는 것을 역사적 시뮬레이션을 통하여 실증분석하였다. 연구결과 시점불일치 베이시스위험은 15일 이동평균을 적용함으로써 현저히 축소시킬 수 있는 것이 확인되었다. 이 연구는 용선료 지급기준 변경을 통해 베이시스위험을 축소하고 궁극적으로 운임선도거래를 활성화시킬 수 있는 가능성을 제시함으로써 해운실무에 유의미한 시사점을 제시한다.

Keywords

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