Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems (한국산업정보학회논문지)

Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems (한국산업정보학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Physically Unclonable Function based on RC Circuit with a Confidence Signal

신뢰도 신호를 갖는 RC 회로 기반 PUF 설계

  • Received : 2022.05.03
  • Accepted : 2022.07.18
  • Published : 2022.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A physically unclonable function (PUF) is a circuit that generates random numbers by exploiting natural variation. Since it utilizes variations, which cannot be fully controlled, it can be used to generate true random numbers, but environment change may distort the output. In this paper, we propose a PUF with a confidence signal. We designed a PUF that exploits the difference of the time constant of the circuit and verified that different PUFs generate distinct outputs and the same PUF keeps generating similar outputs regardless of the temperature change. Compared to the existing technique, which employs an error correction code, the proposed technique offers the same level of reliability at the 700 times smaller overhead.

PUF(physically unclonable function)는 회로의 자연적인 변이를 이용하여 복제 불가능한 난수를 생성하는 회로이다. 통제가 어려운 변이를 활용하기 때문에 예측이 불가능하여 완전한 난수를 생성할 수 있지만 환경 변수에 의해 영향을 받는다는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 신뢰도 신호를 생성하는 PUF를 제안한다. 두 회로의 시간상수(time constant)의 차이를 이용한 PUF를 설계, 구현하여 서로 다른 PUF에서는 충분히 다른 출력이 나오고 같은 PUF에서는 온도가 변하여도 출력값의 큰 차이가 없음을 검증하였다. 오류정정코드를 사용하는 기존 기술 대비 700배 이상 작은 오버헤드로 동등한 수준의 신뢰도를 보장한다.

Keywords

References

  1. A. Alheyasat, G. Torrens, S. Bota and B. Alorda, "Bit-Cell Selection Analysis for Embedded SRAM-Based PUF," 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2020, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ISCAS45731.2020.9180780.
  2. A. Chen, "Utilizing the Variability of Resistive Random Access Memory to Implement Reconfigurable Physical Unclonable Functions," in IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 138-140, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1109/LED.2014.2385870.
  3. Daihyun Lim, J. W. Lee, B. Gassend, G. E. Suh, M. van Dijk and S. Devadas, "Extracting secret keys from integrated circuits," in IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 1200-1205, Oct. 2005, doi: 10.1109/TVLSI.2005.859470.
  4. G. E. Suh and S. Devadas, "Physical Unclonable Functions for Device Authentication and Secret Key Generation," 2007 44th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, 2007, pp. 9-14.
  5. H. Yoo, J. Jung, J. Jo and I. -C. Park, "Area-Efficient Multimode Encoding Architecture for Long BCH Codes," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 872-876, Dec. 2013, doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2013.2281941.
  6. Learning About Electronics, "Why Does an Op Amp Need a Power Supply?," Online: http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Why-does-an-op-amp-need-a-power-supply.php
  7. M. Geis, K. Gettings and M. Vai, "Optical physical unclonable function," 2017 IEEE 60th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2017, pp. 1248-1251, doi: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2017.8053156.
  8. M. Kassem, M. Mansour, A. Chehab and A. Kayssi, "A sub-threshold SRAM based PUF," 2010 International Conference on Energy Aware Computing, 2010, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICEAC.2010.5702285.
  9. M. Kaur, R. Rashidzadeh and R. Muscedere, "Reliability of Physical Unclonable Function under Temperature and Supply Voltage Variations," 2018 IEEE 61st International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2018, pp. 1008-1011, doi: 10.1109/MWSCAS.2018.8623849.
  10. P. Choi and D. K. Kim, "Design of security enhanced TPM chip against invasive physical attacks," 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2012, pp. 1787-1790, doi: 10.1109/ISCAS.2012.6271612.
  11. S. S. Kumar, J. Guajardo, R. Maes, G. Schrijen and P. Tuyls, "Extended abstract: The butterfly PUF protecting IP on every FPGA," 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, 2008, pp. 67-70, doi: 10.1109/HST.2008.4559053.
  12. S. Satpathy et al., "A 4-fJ/b Delay-Hardened Physically Unclonable Function Circuit With Selective Bit Destabilization in 14-nm Trigate CMOS", IEEE JSSC, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 940-949, 2017.
  13. X. Lu, L. Hong and K. Sengupta, "CMOS Optical PUFs Using Noise-Immune Process-Sensitive Photonic Crystals Incorporating Passive Variations for Robustness," in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 2709-2721, Sept. 2018, doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2018.2850941.