Korean Journal of Ichthyology (한국어류학회지)

The Ichthyological Society of Korea (한국어류학회)
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Winter Food Resource Partitioning between Sympatric Gadus macrocephalus and G. chalcogrammus in the Northern Coast of East Sea, South Korea Inferred from Stomach Contents and Stable Isotopes Analyses

위내용물 분석과 안정동위원소 분석을 이용한 겨울철 동해 북부 연안에 출현하는 명태(Gadus chalcogrammus)와 대구(G. macrocephalus)의 먹이분할 연구

  • Park, Joo Myun (Institute of Ocean Science and Technology) ;
  • Jung, Hae Kun (Fisheries Resources and Environment Research Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • Lee, Chung Il (Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Park, Hyun Je (Department of Marine Ecology and Environment, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • 박주면 (한국해양과학기술원 독도전문연구센터) ;
  • 정해근 (국립수산과학원 동해수산연구소 자원환경과) ;
  • 이충일 (강릉원주대학교 해양생태환경학과) ;
  • 박현제 (강릉원주대학교 해양생태환경학과)
  • Received : 2022.04.15
  • Accepted : 2022.05.11
  • Published : 2022.06.30
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Abstract

This study investigated dietary habits and intra- and inter-specific food resource partitioning of co-occurring walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and Pacific cod (G. macrocephalus) from the waters off the north-eastern coast of South Korea using stomach contents and stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) analyses. Both species are mesopelagic carnivores that consumed mainly benthopelagic crustaceans, but teleosts were also abundant in the diet of Pacific cod. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of dietary data revealed significant intra- and inter-specific dietary differences, i.e., food resource partitioning. Nitrogen stable isotope values (δ15N) were similar between walleye pollock and Pacific cod, but carbon stable isotope values (δ13C) were significant different, suggesting different trophic positioning. Canonical analysis of principal coordinate (CAP) ordination plot further demonstrated that differences in the type and range of prey ingested by the two species contributed such an inter-specific difference in the diet compositions. Ontogenetic changes in diet compositions were evident. As walleye pollock, they preyed more upon carid shrimps and cephalopods, but no such trend was observed in the diets of Pacific cod. While stable isotope values indicated that large-sized specimens of both species were significantly enriched in 15N relative to smaller conspecifics thus supporting these data. Consequently, in this study, both methodologies, i.e., stomach contents and stable isotope analyses, provided evidence of inter- and/or intra-specific dietary segregations and trophic niche partitioning between co-occurring walleye pollock and Pacific cod off eastern Korean waters.

본 연구는 위내용물 분석과 안정동위원소(δ13C and δ15N) 분석을 통하여 우리나라 동해 북부 연안에 출현하는 명태(Gadus chalcogrammus)와 대구(G. macrocephalus)의 종내 및 종간 먹이자원 분할을 조사하였다. 두 종은 중층성 육식성 어종으로 명태는 저서성 및 중층성 갑각류를 주로 섭식하였고, 대구는 어류를 주로 섭식하였다. 위내용물 분석 결과에 대한 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination과 permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA)은 두 종의 종내 및 종간 먹이조성의 차이와 먹이자원 분할을 보여줬다. 안정동위원소 분석 결과 δ15N 값은 종간 유사하였지만, δ13C 값은 대구가 높은 값을 나타내어 두 종간 생태지위 차이를 보여줬다. 명태는 체장 증가에 따라 큰 체장군에서 새우류와 두족류를 더 많이 섭식하는 먹이 전환을 나타냈지만, 대구는 체장군 간 먹이조성이 유사하였다. 안정동위원소 분석에서도 체장군 간 차이를 보였는데, 두 종의 큰 체장군은 작은 체장군에 비해 더 높은 δ15N 값을 나타낸다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 명태와 대구의 위내용물 분석과 안정동위원소 분석을 통하여 종내 및 종간 먹이 차이와 생태지위 분할의 증거를 보여줬다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 한국연구재단 개인기본연구(NRF-2020R1F1A1051773)와 2022년 국립수산과학원 수산과학연구사업(동해 연안어업 및 환경생태 조사, R2022035)의 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다. 본 연구의 시료 채집과 분석에 도움을 준 강릉원주대학교 수산해양학 연구실 학생들에게 감사드립니다.

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