Journal of Power Electronics

The Korean Institute of Power Electronics (전력전자학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Efficiency optimization of variable-frequency controlled power factor correction converters

  • Zhou, Yufei (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) ;
  • He, Xueru (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) ;
  • Liu, Shuai (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) ;
  • Hong, Feng (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) ;
  • Ren, Jiaqi (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) ;
  • Li, Dongdong (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)
  • Received : 2021.09.17
  • Accepted : 2022.02.10
  • Published : 2022.06.20
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

More attention is being paid to energy efficiency and harmonic reduction. Thus, power factor correction (PFC) is widely used in power supplies. However, under the condition of light load, the single-stage LLC PFC converter has the problems of low efficiency and output voltage misaligned, such as other PFC topologies. Aiming at the problems that occur under light load conditions, this paper proposes a least-pulse delta (Δ)-sigma (Σ) modulation (LPΔ-Σ modulation). Under different loads, the system can automatically select the appropriate pulse density and reduce the energy transfer to the secondary side by uniformly turning of the driving signals, which stabilizes the output voltage and improves the system efficiency. Mean-while, LPΔ-Σ modulation is more beneficial for improving the PF value when compared with the burst mode under light load conditions. Experimental results show that LPΔ-Σ modulation based on the traditional dual-loop control can effectively stabilize the output voltage and improve efficiency. When compared with the existing burst control scheme, it reduces the output voltage ripple and effectively improves the PF.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim, M., Montes, O. A., Son, S., Choi, Y.-G., Kim, M.: Power factor improvement of flyback PFC converter operating at the light load. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Exposition, 3019-3023 (2019)
  2. Li, Q., Lee, F. C., Xu, M., Wang, C.: Light load efficiency improvement for PFC. Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 3755-3760 (2009)
  3. Jang, Y., Jovanovic, M.M.: Light-load efficiency optimization method. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 25(1), 67-74 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2009.2024419
  4. Wang, W.-S., Tzou, Y.-Y.: Light load efficiency improvement for AC/DC boost PFC converters by digital multi-mode control method. Proc. PEDS'11, 1025-1030 (2011)
  5. Limits for harmonic current emissions. IEC 61000-3-2:2018 (2004)
  6. Plus. [Online]. Available: www.80plus.org (2015)
  7. Zhou, Y., Liu, S., Ren, J., et al.: Design methodology of LLC resonant converters for single-stage power factor correction application. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 16, 2573-2584 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-021-00766-w
  8. Fiorentino, C., Hu, Z., Liu, Y.: A line cycle skipping method to improve the light load efficiency and THD of PFC converters. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Exposition, 368-373 (2013)
  9. Fiorentino, C., Hu, Z., Liu, Y.: Improving the light load efficiency and THD of PFC converters using a line cycle skipping method. Proc. COMPEL'13, 1-7 (2013)
  10. Li, F., Wang, H., Lu, Z., Xie, W.: Design of an of-line AC/DC controller based on skip cycle modulation. Proc. ISIC'09, 228-231 (2009)
  11. Yuan, B., Lai, X., Wang, J., Huang, Y., Wu, X.: Switch size control circuit in wide-load PWM/PFM DC-DC buck converters. Proc. ISIC'16, 1-3 (2016)
  12. Zhang, X., Maksimovic, D.: Digital PWM/PFM controller with input voltage feed-forward for synchronous buck converters. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Exposition, 523-528 (2008)
  13. Hamamura, S., Kurose, D., Ninomiya, T., Yamamoto, M.: Piezoelectric transformer AC-DC converter over a worldwide range of input voltage by combined PWM and PFM control. Proc. PESC'01, 416-421 (2001)
  14. Fang, Y., Xu, D., Zhang, Y., Gao, F., Zhu, L., Chen, Y.: Standby mode control circuit design of LLC resonant converter. Proc. PESC'07, 726-730 (2007)
  15. STMicroelectronics. L6599: High-Voltage Resonant Controller. [Online]. Available: https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l6599.pdf (2009)
  16. Qin, J., Moussaoui, Z., Liu, J., Miller, G.: Light load efficiency enhancement of a LLC resonant converter. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Exposition, 1764-1768 (2011)
  17. Wang, B., Xin, X., Wu, S., Wu, H., Ying, J.: Analysis and implementation of LLC burst Mode for light Load efficiency improvement. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Exposition, 58-64 (2009)
  18. Yang, C.-H., Liang, T.-J., Chen, K.-H., et al.: LLC resonant converter controller with novel light load control. Proc. PEAC'14, 131-135 (2014)
  19. Fei, C., Li, Q., Lee, F.C.: Digital implementation of light-load efficiency improvement for high-frequency LLC converters with simplifed optimal trajectory control. IEEE J. Emerg. Select. Top. Power Electron. 6(4), 1850-1859 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2018.2832135
  20. Li, X., Li, Y.-P., Tsui, C.-Y., Ki, W.-H.: Wireless power transfer system with sigma-delta modulated transmission power and fast load response for implantable medical devices. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. II Express Briefs 64(3), 279-283 (2017)
  21. Li, H., Fang, J., Chen, S., Wang, K., Tang, Y.: Pulse density modulation for maximum efficiency point tracking of wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 33(6), 5492-5501 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2737883
  22. Li, H., Wang, K., Fang, J., Tang, Y.: Pulse density modulated ZVS full-bridge converters for wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 34(1), 369-377 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2018.2812213
  23. Shinoda, R., Tomita, K., Hasegawa, Y., lshikuro, H.: Voltage-boosting wireless power delivery system with fast load tracker by ΔΣ-modulated sub-harmonic resonant switching. Proc. ISSCC'12, 288-290 (2012)
  24. Naraharisetti, K.: Design of half bridge LLC resonant converter using synchronous rectifier. Proc. EIT'15, 135-141 (2015)
  25. Feng, W., Lee, F.C., Mattavelli, P.: Optimal trajectory control of burst mode for LLC resonant converter. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 28(1), 457-466 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2200110