Genomics & Informatics

Korea Genome Organization (한국유전체학회)
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The relationship of E-selectin single-nucleotide polymorphisms with breast cancer in Iraqi Arab women

  • Bilal Fadil Zakariya (Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, Cankiri Karatekin University) ;
  • Asmaa M. Salih Almohaidi (Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad) ;
  • Secil Akilli Simsek (Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, Cankiri Karatekin University) ;
  • Safaa A. Al-Waysi (Department of Microbiology, Medical City Teaching Hospital) ;
  • Wijdan H. Al-Dabbagh (Department of Oncology, Medical City Teaching Hospital) ;
  • Areege Mustafa Kamal (Department of Pathology/Oncology, Medical City Teaching Hospital)
  • Received : 2022.07.05
  • Accepted : 2022.09.21
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is a significant threat to female health, with both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. It is essential to monitor patients regularly and to raise population awareness. Increasing research also suggests that E-selectin (SELE) may increase tumor angiogenesis and the development of cancer. This study investigated SELE single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the following positions: rs5367T/C, rs5368C/T, rs5362T/G, and rs5362T/C. Using polymerase chain reaction, significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies were found between BC patients and controls. Position rs5368 was associated with an increased risk of BC for the CT and TT genotypes, with odds ratios (ORs) of 16.3 and 6.90 (Fisher probability = 0.0001, p = 0.005). Women with the T allele had a 19.3-fold higher incidence of BC, while allele C may be a protective allele against BC (OR, 0.05). Heterozygous genotypes at rs5367, rs5362, and rs5362 were significantly more common in BC patients, with ORs of 5.70, 4.50, and 3.80, respectively. These SNPs may be associated with the risk of BC, because the frequency of mutant alleles was significantly higher in patients (OR: 4.26, 3.83, and 4.30, respectively) than in controls (OR: 0.23, 0.30, and 0.20, respectively). These SNPs may be considered a common genotype in the Iraqi population, with the wild-type allele having a protective fraction and the mutant allele having an environmental fraction. The results also revealed a 2-fold increase in gene expression in BC patients compared to controls, with a significant effect (p = 0.017). This study's findings confirm the importance of SELE polymorphisms in cancer risk prediction.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Everyone who volunteered for this study is appreciated. We sincerely thank the Cankiri Karatekin University Institute of Science employees for their kind help. We also want to express our gratitude to all personnel of the Oncology Teaching Hospital in Medical City, Baghdad, especially the Cancer Research Laboratory, for their assistance with the diagnosis and sample gathering.

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