Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mechanical performance of additively manufactured austenitic 316L stainless steel

  • Kim, Kyu-Tae (Dongguk University, Dept. of Nuclear and Energy System Engineering)
  • Received : 2021.02.28
  • Accepted : 2021.07.26
  • Published : 2022.01.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

For tensile tests, Vickers hardness tests and microstructure tests, plate-type and box-type specimens of austenitic 316L stainless steels were produced by a conventional machining (CM) process as well as two additive manufacturing processes such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and direct metal tooling (DMT). The specimens were irradiated up to a fast neutron fluence of 3.3 × 109 n/cm2 at a neutron irradiation facility. Mechanical performance of the unirradiated and irradiated specimens were investigated at room temperature and 300 ℃, respectively. The tensile strengths of the DMLS, DMT and CM 316L specimens are in descending order but the elongations are in reverse order, regardless of irradiation and temperature. The ratio of Vickers hardness to ultimate tensile strength was derived to be between 3.21 and 4.01. The additive manufacturing processes exhibit suitable mechanical performance, comparing the tensile strengths and elongations of the conventional machining process.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Dongguk University in South Korea Research Fund of 2021.

References

  1. S. Yang, Z. Yang, H. Wang, S. Watanabe, T. Shibayama, Effect of laser and/or electron beam irradiation on void swelling in SUS316L austenitic stainless steel, J. Nucl. Mater. 488 (2017) 215-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.03.002
  2. S.J. Zinkle, G.S. Was, Materials challenges in nuclear energy, Acta Mater. 61 (2013) 735-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.11.004
  3. S.M. Bruemmer, et al., Reviews for understanding and evaluation of irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking, EPRI TR-107159, 4068, final report (1996).
  4. H.T. Tang, Material reliability program: PWR internal material aging degradation mechanism screening and threshold values(MRP-175), EPRI TR-1012081 (2005).
  5. P.L. Andresen, F.P. Ford, S.M. Murphy, J.M. Perks, in: Proc. 4th Intl. Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, NACE, Houston, TX, 1990, 1.83-1.121.
  6. G.S. Was, P.L. Andresen, Stress corrosion cracking behavior of alloys in aggressive nuclear reactor core environments, Corrosion 63 (2007) 19-45. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3278331
  7. G.B. Olson, Designing a material world, Science 288 (2000) 993-998. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5468.993
  8. M. Attaran, Strategic implications of RFID implementations in the retail industry supply chain, Int. J. RF Technol. Res. Appl. 2 (2011) 155-171.
  9. B. Berman, 3-D printing: the new industrial revolution, Bus. Horiz. 55 (2012) 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.11.003
  10. R. Bogue, 3-D printing: the dawn of a new era in manufacturing? Assemb. Autom. 33 (2013) 307-311. https://doi.org/10.1108/AA-06-2013-055
  11. P. Freyer, Testing and Evaluation of Unirradiated and Neutron Irradiated Additively Manufactured Alloys, 6th NRC Workshop on Vendor Oversight Sponsored by the Office of New Reactors, 2018. Cleveland, U.S.A.
  12. B. Vayre, F. Vignat, Metallic additive manufacturing: state-of- the-art review and prospects, Mechanics and industry 13 (2012) 89-96. https://doi.org/10.1051/meca/2012003
  13. L. Yang, et al., Additive Manufacturing Metals: the Technology, Materials, Design and Production, Springer, 2017.
  14. M. Kang, D. Ye, G. Go, International development trend and technical issues of metal Additive manufacturing, J. Welding and Joining 34 (2016) 9-16. https://doi.org/10.5781/JWJ.2016.34.4.9
  15. J. Oh, H. Na, H. Choi, Technology trend of the additive manufacturing, J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst. 24 (2017) 1-14. https://doi.org/10.4150/KPMI.2017.24.1.1
  16. J. Choi, H. Kim, 3D printing technologies-A review, J. Korean Soc. Manuf. Pro. Eng. 14 (2015) 1-8.
  17. M. Calmunger, Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Response of Austenitic Materials, LIU-IEI-TEK-A-11/01236-SE, Linqueping University, 2011.
  18. O.K. Chopra, Degradation of LWR core internal materials due to neutron irradiation, NUREG/CR-7027 (2010).
  19. O.K. Chopra, A.S. Rao, A review of irradiation effects on LWR core internal materials-neutron embrittlement, J. Nucl. Mater., 412(2100)195-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.02.059
  20. D. Huan, et al., Effects of Fe11+ ions irradiation on the microstructure and performance of selective laser melted 316Laustenitic stainless steels, Metals 10 (2020) 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091140
  21. J.C. King, D.V. Bossuyt, Irradiation performance testing of specimens produced by commercially available additive manufacturing techniques, Advanced methods for manufacturing program, Maryland, U.S.A (2016).
  22. D. Kong, et al., Heat treatment effect on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Electrochim, Acta 276 (2018) 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.188
  23. N.P. Lavery, et al., Effects of hot isostatic pressing on the elastic modulus and tensile properties of 316L parts made by powder bed laser fusion, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 693 (2017) 186-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.03.100
  24. Y. Zhong, et al., Intergranular cellular segregation network structure strengthening 316L stainless steel prepared by selective laser melting, J. Nucl. Mater. 470 (2016) 170-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.12.034
  25. E. Yasa, J.P. Kruth, Microstructure in investigation of selective laser melting 316L stainless steel parts exposed to laser re-melting, Procedia Eng 19 (2011) 389-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.130
  26. P. Zhang, S.X. Li, Z.F. Zhang, General relationship between strength and hardness, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 529 (2011) 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.061
  27. H.E. Boyer, T.L. Gall (Eds.), Metals Handbook, Desk Edition, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1985.
  28. W.D. Callister Jr., Materials Science and Engineering - an Introduction, John Wiley, New York, 1992.
  29. Astm International, Standard specification for stainless steel bars and shapes for use in boilers and other pressure vessels, ASTM A479/A479M-20 (July 2020).
  30. H. Choo, et al., Effect of laser power on defect, texture, and microstructure of a laser powder bed fusion processed 316L stainless steel, Mater. Des. 164 (2019) 107534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.12.006
  31. M. Shamsujjoha, et al., High strength and ductility of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel explained, Metall. Mater. Trans. 49 (2018) 3011-3027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4607-2
  32. T. Kurzynowski, et al., Correlation between process parameters, microstructure and properties of 316L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 718 (2018) 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.01.103
  33. A. Riemer, et al., On the fatigue crack growth behavior in 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser melting, Eng. Fract. Mech. 120 (2014) 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.008
  34. J.A. Cherry, et al., Investigation into the effect of process parameters on microstructural and physical properties of 316L stainless steel parts by selective laser melting, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 76 (2015), 969-879.
  35. A.A. Deev, P.A. Kuznetcov, S.N. Petrov, Anisotropy of mechanical properties and its correlation with the structure of the stainless steel 316L produced by the SLM method, Phys. Procedia 83 (2016) 789-796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.081
  36. R. Casati, J. Lemke, M. Vedani, Microstructure and fracture behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel produced by selective laser melting, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 32 (2016) 738-744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2016.06.016