Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
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Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of a 70% ethanol-Symphyocladia linearis extract

  • Jeong Min Lee (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea) ;
  • Mi-Jin Yim (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea) ;
  • Hyun-Soo Kim (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea) ;
  • Seok-Chun Ko (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea) ;
  • Ji-Yul Kim (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea) ;
  • Gun-Woo Oh (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea) ;
  • Kyunghwa Baek (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea) ;
  • Dae-Sung Lee (National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea)
  • Received : 2022.09.29
  • Accepted : 2022.10.29
  • Published : 2022.11.30
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Abstract

Research on the potential biological activity of red alga Symphyocladia spp. has been limited to Symphyocladia latiuscula, which is widely used as a food ingredient in Korea. Here, we examined the biological activity of another species, Symphyocladia linearis, which is found in Korea and was reported as a new species in 2013. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of a 70% ethanol extract of S. linearis. Antioxidant activity, which was evaluated using radical scavenging assays, revealed half maximal inhibitory concentration values for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) of 34.57 and 11.70 ㎍/mL algal extract, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of the S. linearis ethanolic extract was evaluated using RAW 264.7 cells by measuring the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. The potential cytotoxicity of NO and PGE2 was first examined, confirming no toxicity at concentrations ranging from 10-100 ㎍/mL. NO production was inhibited 61.1% and 78.0% at 50 and 100 ㎍/mL S. linearis extract, respectively; and PGE2 production was inhibited 69.1%, 83.2%, and 94.8% at 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/mL S. linearis extract, respectively. Thus, the S. linearis extract showed very strong efficacy against PGE2 production. The cellular production of reactive oxygen species, measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence, was inhibited 48.8% by the addition of 100 ㎍/mL S. linearis extract. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). S. linearis was effective only against gram-positive bacteria, exhibiting antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 256 ㎍/mL extract and against Bacillus cereus with a MIC of 1,024 ㎍/mL extract. Based on these results, we infer that a 70% ethanolic extract of S. linearis possesses strong anti-inflammatory properties, and therefore has the potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea Research Program (2022M00500).

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