DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

TcellInflamedDetector: an R package to distinguish T cell inflamed tumor types from non-T cell inflamed tumor types

  • Yang, San-Duk (School of Integrated Software and Design, Kyung Hee Cyber University) ;
  • Park, Hyun-Seok (Bioinformatics Laboratory, ELTEC College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
  • Received : 2022.01.17
  • Accepted : 2022.03.18
  • Published : 2022.03.31

Abstract

A major issue in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is their lack of efficacy in many patients. Previous studies have reported that the T cell inflamed signature can help predict the response to immunotherapy. Thus, many studies have investigated mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance by defining the tumor microenvironment based on T cell inflamed and non-T cell inflamed subsets. Although methods of calculating T cell inflamed subsets have been developed, valid screening tools for distinguishing T cell inflamed from non-T cell inflamed subsets using gene expression data are still needed, since general researchers who are unfamiliar with the details of the equations can experience difficulties using extant scoring formulas to conduct analyses. Thus, we introduce TcellInflamedDetector, an R package for distinguishing T cell inflamed from non-T cell inflamed samples using cancer gene expression data via bulk RNA sequencing.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was partially supported by Kyung Hee Cyber University.

References

  1. Jiang P, Gu S, Pan D, Fu J, Sahu A, Hu X, et al. Signatures of T cell dysfunction and exclusion predict cancer immunotherapy response. Nat Med 2018;24:1550-1558. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0136-1
  2. Trujillo JA, Sweis RF, Bao R, Luke JJ. T cell-inflamed versus non-T cell-inflamed tumors: a conceptual framework for cancer immunotherapy drug development and combination therapy selection. Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6:990-1000. https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-18-0277
  3. Gajewski TF, Corrales L, Williams J, Horton B, Sivan A, Spranger S. Cancer immunotherapy targets based on understanding the T cell-inflamed versus non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017;1036:19-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_2
  4. Luke JJ, Bao R, Sweis RF, Spranger S, Gajewski TF. WNT/beta-catenin pathway activation correlates with immune exclusion across human cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2019;25:3074-3083. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1942
  5. Spranger S, Luke JJ, Bao R, Zha Y, Hernandez KM, Li Y, et al. Density of immunogenic antigens does not explain the presence or absence of the T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment in melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016;113:E7759-E7768.
  6. TcellInflamedDetector Manual. San Francisco: GitHub, 2021. Accessed 2022 Jan 15. Available from: https://github.com/sandukyang/Tcellinflamed/wiki.
  7. Ayers M, Lunceford J, Nebozhyn M, Murphy E, Loboda A, Kaufman DR, et al. IFN-gamma-related mRNA profile predicts clinical response to PD-1 blockade. J Clin Invest 2017;127:2930-2940. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI91190
  8. Spranger S, Bao R, Gajewski TF. Melanoma-intrinsic beta-catenin signalling prevents anti-tumour immunity. Nature 2015;523:231-235. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14404
  9. Herbst RS, Soria JC, Kowanetz M, Fine GD, Hamid O, Gordon MS, et al. Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients. Nature 2014;515:563-567. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14011
  10. Shah S, Ward JE, Bao R, Hall CR, Brockstein BE, Luke JJ. Clinical response of a patient to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and the immune landscape of testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4:903-909. https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-16-0087
  11. Wang Z, Jensen MA, Zenklusen JC. A practical guide to the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). Methods Mol Biol 2016;1418:111-141. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3578-9_6