DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

한국산 냉수성 어류 새미(잉어목, 잉어과)의 분포현황 및 멸종위협평가

Distribution Status and Extinction Threat Evaluation of Ladislabia taczanowskii (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), a Cold Water Fish in Korea

  • 투고 : 2021.12.07
  • 심사 : 2022.01.03
  • 발행 : 2022.03.31

초록

한국산 냉수성 어류 새미 Ladislabia taczanowskii Dybowski의 분포양상 및 서식지 특징, 멸종위협을 평가하기 위해 2021년 3월부터 8월까지 분포조사를 실시하였다. 과거 출현기록은 1997~2005년, 2006~2012년, 2013~2019년으로 구분하였고, 분포조사는 169개 지점을 조사하여 72개 지점에서 1,040개체가 채집되었다. 서식이 확인된 지역은 남한강(27지점), 임진강(17지점), 북한강(16지점), 삼척오십천(4지점), 연곡천(3지점), 강릉남대천(2지점), 전천(1지점), 추천(2지점)이었다. 새미의 주 서식지는 고도가 300 m 이상의 상류로 유폭은 2~30 m, 수심은 0.3~1.5 m이며 하상은 큰돌의 비율이 50~90%, 돌의 비율이 10~50%인 곳이었다. 새미의 위협요인으로는 보의 축조와 댐건설, 교량공사, 골재 채취 등의 하천공사와 생활 하수유입, 유원지, 태풍으로 인한 홍수 및 복구공사 등이었다. IUCN 평가기준에 따른 멸종위협 등급은 2010~2019년 대비 서식지 감소율(36.1%), 출현범위(7,820 km2), 점유면적(288 km2), 지소수(19개), 서식지 질 하락 등을 근거로 취약(Vulnerable, VU A2ac)으로 평가되었다. 마지막으로 새미의 보존방안에 대해 논의하였다.

A distribution survey was conducted from March to August 2021 to evaluate the distribution status, habitat characteristics, and threat of extinction of the Korean cold-water fish Ladislabia taczanowskii Dybowski (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Historical distribution reports were divided into 1997~2005, 2006~2012, 2013~2019, and distribution surveyed 169 sampling sites, and 1,040 individuals were collected from 72 sites. Areas where the habitat was confirmed were Namhan River (27 stations), Han River (17 stations), Bukhan River (16 stations), Samcheok Osipcheon (4 stations), Yeongokcheon (3 stations), Gangneung Namdaecheon (2 stations), Jeoncheon (1 station), Chucheon (2 stations). The main habitat of L. taczanowskii was upstream of the river with a high altitude of more than 300 m, 2~30 m water flow width, 0.3~1.5 m water depth, and high ratio (50~90%) boulder bottoms. The main reasons for the decline in population size were assumed as river works, construction of reservoirs and bridges, discharge of contaminated water into the river, the inflow of summer vacationers, and weir. Compared to our results there exists evidence that states a 36.1% reduction in occupancy within 10 years, in a small appearance range (7,820 km2) and occupancy area (288 km2), number of disconnected locations (19 locations), and a decline in habitat quality. Therefore, L. taczanowskii is now considered as Vulnerable (VU) based on the results (VU A2ac, Near meets B1b (i, ii, iii)+B2b (i, ii, iii)) of IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Lastly, the conservation plan of Ladislabia taczanowskii was discussed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Byeon, H.K. and J.K. Oh. 2015. Fluctuation of fish community and inhabiting status of introduced fish in Gangeungnamade stream, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Ecol., 29: 718-728. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2015.29.5.718.
  2. Byeon, H.K. 2020. Ecological characteristics of Tachanovsky's Gudgeon, Ladislabia taczanowskii in Songcheon Stream, Korea. Korean J. Environ. Ecol., 34: 551-557. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2020.34.6.551.
  3. Cho, S.H., W.J. Lee, T.S. Kim, W.S. Seok, T.J. Lee, K.G. Jeong, B.K. Na and W.M. Sohn. 2014. Prevalence of zoonotic trematode metacercariae in freshwater fish from Gangwon-do, Korea. Korean J. Parasitol., 52: 399-412. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.399.
  4. Choi, K.S., D.K. Kim and M.H. Ko. 2021. Distribution aspects and extinction threat evaluation of the endangered species, Rhynchocypris semotilus(Pisces: Cyprinidae). Korean J. Ichthyol., 33: 177-183. https://doi.org/10.35399/ISK.33.3.3.
  5. Chung, N.I., B.K. Park and K.H. Kim. 2011. Potential effect of increased water temperature on fish habitats in Han river watershed. J. Korean Soc. Water Environ., 27: 314-321.
  6. Cummins, K.W. 1962. An evolution of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters. Amer. Midl. Nat'l., 67: 477-504. https://doi.org/10.2307/2422722
  7. Dybowski, B.I. 1869. Vorlaufige mittheilugen uber die fischfauna des ononflusses und des Ingoda in Trasbaikalien. Verh. K. K. Zool. Bot. Ver. Ges. Wien V., 19: 945-958.
  8. Hari, R.E., D.M. Livingstone, R. Siber, P. Burkhardt-Holm and H. Guttinger. 2006. Consequences of climatic change for water temperature and brown trout populations in Alpine rivers and streams. Glob. Change Biol., 12: 10-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001051.x.
  9. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). 2001. IUCN red list categories and criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Comission. IUCN, ii+30pp.
  10. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). 2019. IUCN Red List of threatened species. version (12/2020). Retrieved from http://www.iucn.org/resources/conservationtools.
  11. Jang, M.H., G.J. Joo and M.C. Lucas. 2006. Diet of introduced largemouth bass in Korean rivers and potential interactions with native fishes. Ecol. Freshwater Fish, 15: 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00161.x.
  12. Kaushal, S.S., G.E. Likens, N.A. Jaworski, M.L. Pace, A.M. Sides, D. Seekell, K.T. Belt, D.H. Secor and R.L. Wingate. 2010. Rising stream and river temperatures in the United States. Front. Ecol. Environ., 8: 461-466. https://doi.org/10.1890/090037.
  13. Kani, T. 1944. Ecology of torrent-inhabiting insects, In: Furukawa, J. (ed.), Insect I. Kenkyu-sha, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 171-317.
  14. Kim, H.K., K.E. Hong, J.H. Kim and K.H. Kim. 2006. Ichthyofauna in Yeongok Stream, Gangneung, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 18: 244-250.
  15. Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea. Vol. 37. Freshwater Fishes. Ministry of Education, Yeongi, Korea, 629pp.
  16. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2007. Freshwater fishes of Korea. Kyohak Publishing Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea, 467pp.
  17. KNPS (Korea National Park Service). 2004. Natural resource survey of Odaesan national park. Korea national park research institute, Seoul, Korea, 738pp.
  18. KNPS (Korea National Park Service). 2013. Natural resource survey of Odaesan national park. Korea national park research institute, Namwon, Korea, 856pp.
  19. KNPS (Korea National Park Service). 2015. Natural resource survey of Woraksan national park. Korea national park research institute, Namwon, Korea, 956pp.
  20. Ko, M.H. 2016. Distribution status and threatened assessment of endangered species, Pungitius sinensis(Pisces: Gasterosteidae) in Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 28: 186-191.
  21. Ko, M.H., Y.S. Kwan, W.K. Lee and Y.J. Won. 2017. Impact of human activities on changes of ichthyofauna in Dongjin River of Korea in the past 30 years. Anim. Cells Syst., 21: 207-2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/19768354.2017.1330223.
  22. Ko, M.H., M.S. Han and S.M. Kwan. 2018a. Distribution aspect and extinction threat evaluation of the endangered species, Rhodeus pseudosericeus(Pisces: Cyprinidae) in Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 30: 100-106. https://doi.org/10.35399/ISK.30.2.5
  23. Ko, M.H., M.S. Han and S.M. Kwan. 2018b. Distribution aspect and extinction threat evaluation of the endangered species, Cottus hangiongensis(Pisces: Cottidae) in Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 30: 155-160. https://doi.org/10.35399/ISK.30.3.4
  24. Ko, M.H. and M.S. Han. 2019. The 5rd nation environment investigation. Fresh water fishes of the Hantangang Dam whole area. Ministry of Environment, 11pp.
  25. Ko, M.H., M.S. Han and S.M. Kwan. 2019. Distribution aspects and extinction threat evaluation of the Korean endemic species, Iksookimia pacifica (Pisces: Cobitidae) in Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 31: 16-22. https://doi.org/10.35399/ISK.31.1.3
  26. Ko, M.H., M.S. Han and K.S. Choi. 2021. Distribution status, habitat characteristics and extinction threat evaluation of the endangered species, Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(Pisces: Salmonidae) in Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 33: 74-83. https://doi.org/10.35399/ISK.33.2.4.
  27. Kwater. 2007. A guidebook of rivers in South Korea. Kwater, Daejeon, Korea, 582pp.
  28. Lee, W.O., M.H. Ko, J.M. Baek, D.H. Kim, H.Z. Jeon and K.H. Kim. 2010. Characteristics of fish fauna and community structure in Buk Stream of Goseong, Korea. Korean J. Ichthyol., 22: 238-248.
  29. ME (Ministry of Environment). 1996. Natural environment conservation act, Ministry of Environment Notice No. 1996-33.
  30. ME(Ministry of Environment). 1997-2005. The 2rd national environment investigation of freshwater fish. Ministry of Environment, National institute of environmental research, Incheon, Korea.
  31. ME (Ministry of Environment). 1998. Natural environment conservation act(Law No. 5392).
  32. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2005. Enforcement of wildlife laws (Law No. 7167).
  33. ME(Ministry of Environment). 2006-2012. The 3rd national environment investigation of freshwater fish. Ministry of Environment, National institute of environmental research, Incheon, Korea.
  34. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2009. Development of genetic diversity analysis, culture and ecosystem restoration techniques for endangered fish, Iksookimia choii. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea, 537pp.
  35. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2011. Development of culture techniques and construction of monitoring system for released seedlings of endangered fish Koreocobitis naktongensis. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea, 250pp.
  36. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2012. Conservation and management laws of wildlife (Law No. 10977).
  37. ME(Ministry of Environment). 2013-2018. The 4rd national environment investigation of freshwater fish. Ministry of Environment, National institute of environmental eesearch, Incheon, Korea.
  38. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2017. Conservation and management laws of wildlife (amendment of enforcement regulations)(Law No. 10977).
  39. ME (Ministry of Environment). 2018. A study on conservation plan of endangered freshwater fish (Pseudobagrus brevicorpus). Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea, 204pp.
  40. MLTM (Ministry of Land & Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2010. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea, 489pp.
  41. MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2011. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages II. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea, 363pp.
  42. MLTM (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs). 2012. Culture and restoration of endangered species in the major four river drainages III. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea, 423pp.
  43. NIBR (National Institute of Biological Resources). 2011. Red data book of endangered fishes in Korea. Ministry of Environment, National institute of biological resources, Incheon, Korea, 202pp.
  44. NIBR (National Institute of Biological Resources). 2019. Red data book of Republic of Korea, Volume 3. Freshwater fishes. Ministry of Environment, National institute of biological resources, Incheon, Korea, 250pp.
  45. NIE (National Institute of Ecology). 2017a. Ecological survey of Baekdudaegan protected areas (Myojeoggae~Hwabanggae). Ministry of Environment, National institute of ecology, Seocheon, Korea, 464pp.
  46. NIE (National Institute of Ecology). 2017b. Ecological survey of Baekdudaegan protected areas (Hwabanggae~Thatjae). Ministry of Environment, National institute of ecology, Seocheon, Korea, 416pp.
  47. NIE (National Institute of Ecology). 2018a. Ecological survey of Baekdudaegan protected areas (Thatjae~Sapdangryeong). Ministry of Environment, National institute of ecology, Seocheon, Korea, 428pp.
  48. NIE(National Institute of Ecology). 2018b. Ecological survey of Baekdudaegan protected areas (Sapdangryeong~Sinbaeryeong). Ministry of Environment, National institute of ecology, Seocheon, Korea, 432pp.
  49. NIE (National Institute of Ecology). 2018c. Ecosystem survey of DMZ area. National institute of ecology, Seocheon, Korea, 511pp.
  50. NIE(National Institute of Ecology). 2019a. Ecological survey of Baekdudaegan protected areas (Sinbaeryeong~Daeganryeong). Ministry of Environment, National institute of ecology, Seocheon, Korea, 450pp.
  51. NIE (National Institute of Ecology). 2019b. Ecological survey of Baekdudaegan protected areas (Daeganryeong~Samjaeryeong). Ministry of Environment, National institute of ecology, Seocheon, Korea, 455pp.
  52. NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research). 2008-2012. Stream/River Ecosystem Survey and Health Assessment. National institute of environmental research, Incheon, Korea.
  53. NIER(National Institute of Environmental Research). 2009. Ecological survey of Baekdudaegan protected areas(Odaesan Jingogae~Samcheok Thatjae). Ministry of Environment, National institute of environmental research, Seocheon, Korea, 371pp.
  54. NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research). 2013. Ecosystem survey of DMZ area. National institute of environmental research, Seocheon, Korea, 283pp.
  55. NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research). 2013-2017. Stream/River Ecosystem Survey and Health Assessment. National institute of environmental research, Incheon, Korea.
  56. Sala, O.E., F.S. Chapin, J.J. Armesto, E. Berlow, J. Bioomfield, R. Dirzo, H.S. Elisabeth, L.F. Huenneke, R.B. Jackson, A. Kinzig, R. Leemans, M.L. David, H. Mooney, A.O. Martin, N.L. Poff, T.S. Martin, B.H. Walker, W. Marilyn and D.H. Wall. 2000. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287: 1770-1774. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1770.
  57. Song, H.B., H.M. Beak and C.W. Lee. 2005. Water environmental assessment by the species biotic index of freshwater fish in the Namdaecheon, Gangneung City. J. Environ. Impact Assess., 14: 237-245.
  58. Song, H.B. and Y.S. Yoo. 2019. The 5rd nation environment investigation. Fresh water fishes of the Busocheon whole area. Ministry of Environment, 14pp.
  59. Sutherland, W.J., W.M. Adams, R.B. Aronson, R. Aveling, T.M. Blackburn, S. Broad, G. Ceballos, I.M. Cote, R.M. Cowling, G.A.B. Da fonseca, E. Dinerstein, P.J. Ferraro, E. Fleishman, C. Gascon, M. Hunter Jr., J. Hutton, P. Kareiva, A. Kuria, D.W. Macdonald, K. Mackinnon, F.J. Madgwick, M.B. Mascia, J. McNeely, E.J. Milnergulland, S. Moon, C.G. Morley, S. Nelson, D. Osborn, M. Pai, E.C. Parsons, L.S. Peck, H. Possingham, S.V. Prior, A.S. Pullin, M.R. Rands, J. Ranganathan, K.H. Redford, J.P. Rodriguez, F. Seymour, J. Sobel, N.S. Sodhi, A. Stott, K. Vance-borland and A.R. Watkinson. 2009. One hundred questions of importance to the conservation of global biological diversity. Conserv. Biol., 23: 557-567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01212.x.
  60. WPOE (Wonju Provincial Office of Environment). 2017. Culture and restoration research of endangered wildlife (Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis). Wonju Provincial Office of Environment, Wonju, Korea, 45pp.
  61. Yoon, Y.Y. and H.S. Kim. 2004. Effect of typhoon "Rusa" on the natural Yeon-gok stream and coastal ecosystem in the Yeongdong province. J. Korean Soc. Mar. Envion. Energy, 7: 35-41.
  62. Youn, S.T. 2011. Characteristic of natural nest and breeding behavior of Ladislabia taczanowskii., Master Thesis, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea, 25pp.