Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Characteristics of Fish Community and Habitat Aspects of Cold-water Fish Speciesin the Bangtaecheon (Stream), Korea

방태천의 어류군집 특성 및 냉수성 어류의 서식양상

  • Received : 2022.09.08
  • Accepted : 2022.10.26
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

This study investigated the characteristics of fish communities in the Bangtaecheon Stream in Korea from April to October 2020. The survey collected 4,640 fish of 26 species in 9 families from 11 survey stations. The dominant and subdominant species were Rhynchocypris kumgangensis(relative abundance at 31.5%) and Zacco koreanus(27.8%), respectively. The next most abundant species were Ladislavia taczanowskii(15.9%), Pungtungia herzi(4.0%), Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(3.7%), Microphysogobio longidorsalis(2.4%), and Zacco platypus(2.3%). Among the collected fish species, 17 (65.4%) were Korean endemic species, 4 (15.4%), including Acheilognathus signifer, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, Gobiobotia brevibarba, and B. l. tsinlingensis,were class II endangered wildlife as designated by the Ministry of Environment, and 1 species, Hemibarbus mylodon, was a natural monument. Moreover, two landlocked species (B. l. tsinlingensisand C. koreanus) were also collected. Additionally, four cold-water species (R. kumgangensis, L. taczanowskii, B. l. tsinlingensis,and Cottus koreanus) were collected, and all of them mainly inhabited the upper and middle streams. Fish community analysis showed a tendency for dominance and uniformity to decrease and abundance and diversity to increase from upstream to downstream and that the community structure was divided into upstream and downstream groups. The river health was rated as excellent (9 stations) and good (2 stations). Compared to the previous studies, three species (Carassius auratus, Leiocassis ussuriensis,and Siniperca scherzeri) appeared in the past but did not appear in this survey, and three species (Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, Microphysogobio yaluensis,and Orthrias nudus) that did not appear in the past appeared in this survey. Bangtaecheon Steam is well-preserved, and climate-sensitive species, endangered wildlife, and natural monuments inhabit the stream. Therefore, continuous attention and systematic conservation measures are required.

방태천의 어류군집 특성과 냉수성 어류의 서식양상을 파악하기 위해 2020년 4월부터 10월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 11개 지점에서 9과 26종 4,640개체의 어류가 채집되었다. 우점종은 금강모치(Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, relative abundance 31.5%)였고, 아우점종은 참갈겨니(Zacco koreanus, 27.8%), 그 다음으로는 새미(Ladislavia taczanowskii, 15.9%), 돌고기(Pungtungia herzi, 4.0%), 열목어(Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis, 3.7%), 배가사리(Microphysogobio longidorsalis, 2.4%), 피라미(Z. platypus, 2.3%), 퉁가리(Liobagrus andersoni, 2.3%) 등의 순으로 우세하였다. 출현종 중 한국고유종은 17종(65.4%)이었고, 법정보호종으로 환경부지정 멸종위기 야생생물 II급인 묵납자루(Acheilognathus signifer), 가는돌고기(Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa), 돌상어(Gobiobotia brevibarba), 열목어 4종, 천연기념물인 어름치(Hemibarbus mylodon) 1종 등 5종이, 육봉형 어류는 둑중개, 열목어 2종이 채집되었다. 냉수성 어류는 금강모치, 둑중개(Cottus koreanus), 열목어, 새미 4종이 출현하였으며 모두 주로 중·상류역에 서식하고 있었다. 어류군집 분석 결과, 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 우점도와 균등도는 낮아지고 풍부도와 다양도는 높아지는 경향을 보였으며, 군집구조는 크게 상류와 하류 그룹으로 구분되었다. 하천 건강성은 매우 좋음(9지점)과 좋음(2지점)으로 평가되어 양호하였다. 과거 조사와 비교한 결과, 어류상은 과거와 큰 변화가 없었으나, 과거에는 출현하였으나 본 조사에서 출현하지 않은 종은 3종(붕어 Carassius auratus, 대농갱이 Leiocassis ussuriensis, 쏘가리 Siniperca scherzeri)이었고, 과거에는 출현하지 않았지만 본 조사에서 처음으로 출현한 종은 3종(끄리 Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, 돌마자 Microphysogobio yaluensis, 대륙종개 Orthrias nudus)이었다. 방태천은 서식지가 잘 보존되어 있으며, 기후변화민감종과 멸종위기 야생생물, 천연기념물 등이 서식하고 있어 보존가치가 높은 지역으로 판단되기 때문에 지속적인 관심과 체계적인 보존방안체계적인 보존방안이 요구된다.

Keywords

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